Biology Answers

The effects of waves and current on substractum

What impact will rising greenhouse gases have on climate?

How does haze in the air affect global temperatures

Describe the implications of inheritance of acquired characteristics for our modern concepts of how genes function?

which stage is the deepest stage of sleep?

a) Outline Mendel's first law.

b) Briefly explain the terms,

• monohybrid inheritance

• dominant and recessive

• genotype and phenotype

• homozygous and heterozygous

Use specific examples with genetic notation to illustrate your answer and show links between the terms

The RefSeq entry NM_000133.4 contains the sequence of the human mRNA coding for coagulation factor F9. The gene contains 8 coding exons and gives rise to a transcript of 2800 bp 

Next, we want to design primers to measure the expression of the F9 gene.

Go to refseq record to study its features.

Write the strategy and design the primers using primer blast .

Paste the screenshots as evidence

explain the terms

Density-dependent factorDensity-independent factorDetritivoreEcologyEcosystem

Why might the atpS mutant grow so slowly? In order to answer this, you need to consider the following pieces of information:

(1) ADP + Pi > ATP ∆G’¡ = +52 kJ/mol

(2) Under physiological conditions in the bacterium, this reaction actually has ∆G = +67 kJ/mol.

(3) The free energy change for a proton to re-enter the cytosol will be related to the pH gradient (∆pH) and the transmembrane electric field (ψ) by this relationship:

∆G = -2.3 RT ∆pH + F∆ψ (R = 8.315 J mol-1 K-1; T = 298K; F = 96.5 kJ mol-1 V-1)

(4) In the case of M. wanabi, Typically, ∆ψ = -100 mV.

(5) The environment in which M. wanabi grows is close to neutral (usually pH = 6) and somewhat buffered with weak organic acids.

Calculate what the minimal ∆pH would have to be, in order to support ATP synthesis, for the different Fo ring sizes. Does this explain why the mutant grew slowly and the partial revertant grew better? Explain.

Why might the atpS mutant grow so slowly? In order to answer this, you need to consider the following pieces of information:

(1) ADP + Pi > ATP ∆G’¡ = +52 kJ/mol

(2) Under physiological conditions in the bacterium, this reaction actually has ∆G = +67 kJ/mol.

(3) The free energy change for a proton to re-enter the cytosol will be related to the pH gradient (∆pH) and the transmembrane electric field (ψ) by this relationship:

∆G = -2.3 RT ∆pH + F∆ψ (R = 8.315 J mol-1 K-1; T = 298K; F = 96.5 kJ mol-1 V-1)

(4) In the case of M. wanabi, Typically, ∆ψ = -100 mV.

(5) The environment in which M. wanabi grows is close to neutral (usually pH = 6) and somewhat buffered with weak organic acids.

Calculate what the minimal ∆pH would have to be, in order to support ATP synthesis, for the different Fo ring sizes. Does this explain why the mutant grew slowly and the partial revertant grew better? Explain.