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1. History of Iron hypothesis.
Define the iron fertilization? How did they know about the atmospheric gas composition in ancient times? How did Martin’s come to this finding? What is the main objective of this OIC?
1. Explain the terms Chromosome, Chromatid, Gene, Allele.
(Use genetic notation (symbols for alleles) and annotated diagrams to illustrate your response. Show links between the terms)
2. Identify the mixed up stages of meiosis, shown in appendix A. Write a breif sentence to justify the stage identified. Complete this all within the appendix table and place within your assignment.
Indicate clearly where the opportunities arise in meiosis for genetic variation and outline and illustrate briefly how this happens.
The acoustic lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, are obligate symbiotes of honeybees (live in association with them). Males attract females by emitting ultrasonic pulses from their wings. The sound the moth emits can also attract their predators, bats. Wing pulse rate has been demonstrated to be controlled by one gene with two alleles, F (dominant, fast) and f (recessive, slow).
This population is not currently in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, but scientists have determined that environment and other selection factors such as bat predation are stable over recent time. In paragraph form, discuss two other mechanisms of evolution that could be acting on this population, and what information and/or data you would need to support each evolutionary agent. You will be marked according to the written answer rubric on your answer, use of scientific reasoning, and avoiding misconceptions. (5 points) You should have a maximum of 6 sentences.
A population of garter snakes is being studied in the US, where the garter snakes have a variable level of resistance to neurotoxin produced by one of their prey animals, the newt. Neurotoxin resistance in these snakes is controlled by one gene, with two alleles, R (dominant, resistant) and r (recessive, not resistant). Previously, the scientists had obtained a frequency for the R allele of 0.25. During a survey several years after newts arrived, they surveyed 1000 animals, and 745 had resistance to the neurotoxin of those sampled. You should do a chi-square statistical analysis to compare the number of alleles over time, assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg at the time of the survey (you may want to know that the critical value for 2 is 3.841 for 1 degree of freedom at ɑ=0.05). Do you think that there is evidence that evolution is occurring? Support your answer using your statistics referencing the number of alleles. Include calculated allele frequencies and chi-square results for part marks. (5 marks)
A dwindling population of 1000 frogs occupies an isolated area in Costa Rica. To help preserve the species, scientists caught 20 frogs to start a new population in a nearby area. This species has a gene that affects eye shape. The 1000-member wild population has two alleles for this gene: R and r, with frequencies 0.7 and 0.3, respectively. What will be the allele frequencies of R and r in the 20-member founder population?
how is recombinant dna is applied in the areas of industry,medicine and agriculture
What anatomical features help the testicles maintain this temperature?
how extension occur in cell wall and what are the two forms of cell wall?
(4) Almost every lecture in this course focused on a different animal behaviour. Choose your favourite and tell me about the adaptive basis of this behaviour. In particular
Favourite behaviour: Gazelle stotting
1. Name a benefit (B) of this behaviour. What is a cost (C) of this behaviour?
2. Choosing one personality category, how would this behaviour vary among individuals?
3. Describe two ways human induced, rapid ecological change can impact this behaviour.
4. How can this behaviour be used as an early-warning indicator of population threat?
5. How can knowledge about this behaviour be used to facilitate the successful colonisation of restored or recovering habitat?
Although the five immunoglobulin isotypes share many common structural features, the differences in their structures affect their biological activities.
i. Draw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: Hchains, L chains, intra chain disulfide bonds, hinge, Fab ,Fc, and all the domains. Indicate which domains are involved in antigen binding.
ii. How would you have to modify the diagram of IgG to depict an IgA molecule isolated from saliva?
iii. How would you have to modify the diagram of IgG to depict serum IgM?
