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If the following sequence of bases represents the start of a gene on a double stranded DNA, what is the sequence of the transcribed RNA, what is its polarity , and what is the polarity of the DNA? 

 G C T A C G G A T T G C T G 

 C G A T G C C T A A C G A C


what are the procedure to test for the presence of starch

of wat...

10 grams of soil are placed in 40 ml of water (A). One ml of (A) is placed in 99 ml of water (B) 0.01 of (B) is placed in 9.99 ml of water (C). Dilutions (B) and (C) are plated in triplicates 0.1 ml in each plate.


After 24 hours incubation at 37 degrees Celsius, these are the results:


Plate B-1 counted 102 colonies  

Plate C-1 counted 10 colonies


B-2 counted 152 colonies

C-2 counted 12 colonies


B-3 counted 111 colonies

C-3 counted 11 colonies


Calculate the number of bacteria per gram of soil. (Show ALL calculations!)





What is scientific name of guava?
The haemoglobin molecule is designed to transport oxygen around the body. With reference to the different levels of organisation of polypeptides explain how this molecule achieves its function.
Animal cells are surrounded by a cell plasma membrane which apart from protecting the cell contents also moderates what enters and leaves its internal environment.

Describe and explain clearly how the cell transports the following substances across the membrane :

i) water

ii) sodium and potassium ions

iii) glucose

iv) enzymes to be used by other cells in the body

explain the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis and provide an example of a molecule (remembering to state its function) that is transferred using this method.

Which of these is an example of epiphytism?
a. mistletoe on a citrus tree
b. fern on a palm tree
State reasons
You purify plasmid from E.coli and obtain 100µl of DNA at 0.75mg/ml. You want to amplify the insert contained in the plasmid by PCR. You need to add 50pg of plasmid DNA to your PCR reaction.



-How much of the original solution do you need to add?



- Is this practical given the minimum volume you can accurately pipette is 1µl? Draw up a dilution scheme using 1ml tubes that is.



- Your PCR reaction volume is 25µl and we want to keep the template 10% or below the total volume.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a revolutionary method invented by Kary Mullis in the 1980s which copies the target sequence defined by a pair of primers exponentially. Can exponential amplification of any random sequence of DNA be achieved in PCR with only single primer?

Hint: Refer the schematic in the diagram that represents randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker technology.

You can substantiate your answer with help of this diagram, if required.


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