Biology Answers

A black guniea pig is crossed albino pig produced 12 offspring with 7 black and 5 albino. what is the best explanation for the situation in punnet square?

1.     Describe the process of protein synthesis. You answer must include the two major steps, all major enzymes and molecules involved, where each step occurs in the cell and a summary of what happens in each step. (4 marks)

 There are two processes that occur during protein synthesis, transcription and translation. In transcription, DNA is used as a template to make the messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. However, translation occurs when the mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. During translation, the genetic code is read by tRNA and the protein is synthesized according to the message present on mRNA. There are three steps in translation: initiation, elongation and termination. Initiation: always starts with the AUG codon therefore, it is always the first amino acid to be added.  Elongation: are amino acids that are added on one at time to the growing protein chain. The tRNA associates the anticodon to the codon of the mRNA and transports each time the correspondent amino acid, the peptidyl transferase forms the peptide bonds between amino acids.

Termination: is when there is a stop codon (UGA, UAG and UAA) the tRNA recognizes it, and it released and the translation ends.

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During a field trip you collected water samples from a water column in an estuary. The goal was to determine how [O2] changes as a function of depth. Plot the expected relationship between these variables and explain what potential sources of error could affect the results of your investigation.

Using correct scientific terminology, evaluate the effects caused by the disruption of biological processes.Identify where the disruption of these biological molecules is intentional for human benefit

(a) Porphyria

(b) Lactose intolerance

Using correct scientific terminology, you must produce a report evaluating the effects caused by the disruption of biological processes for two of the following examples:

o Porphyria

o Lactose intolerance

o Diabetes mellitus

o Cystic fibrosis

o Exposure to carcinogens

o Interference in plant growth regulators

Your evaluation must identify where the disruption of these biological molecules is intentional for human benefit

Describe how the high level of cholesterol metabolism can be regulated: a. At the transcriptional level (Sterol dependent regulation)b. At the hormonal level 

In the family, where the wife had the II blood group and her husband had the III blood group, there was born the son with color blindness and the I blood group. Both parents differed colures in norm. Determine the probability of the birth of healthy son and his possible variants of blood groups. It is known that color blindness is X-linked recessive disorder.

Mitral Vlave in mammalian heart guards the opening between

a pulmonary vein snd left auricle

b right atrium and right ventricle

c left atrium and left ventricle

d left ventricle and dorsal aorta

What THE PROCEDURES IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

and LIST THE APPLICATIONS AND DISADVANTAGES OF THIS TECHNOLOGY