u=(1,0),v=(0,1)
1.1
uv=∣u∣∣v∣cosθcosθ=∣u∣∣v∣uvuv=1⋅0+0⋅1=0cosθ=0
1.2
S=∣u∣∣v∣sinθ∣u∣=12+02=1∣v∣=02+12=1cosθ=0,θ=900S=1⋅1⋅sin900=1
2.1
L1:x=w0+su,s∈Rw0=(w00,w01),u=(a,b)x=w00+asy=w01+bs,s∈Rs=ax−w00y=w01+b⋅ax−w00k=abL1:x=w1+tv,t∈Rw1=(w10,w11),v=(c,d)x=w10+tcy=w11+td,t∈Rt=cx−w10y=w11+d⋅cx−w10k1=cdL1∣∣L2:k=pk1ab=p⋅cd
2.2
α:−2x+4y−5z+5=0n=(−2,4,−5)β:A(2,4,−3)∈β,n∣∣β−2(x−2)+4(y−4)−5(z+3)=0−2x+4y−5z−27=0
2.3
α:2x−3y+4z+7=0n=(2,−3,4)⊥αα∣∣a,n⊥a,A(2,5,3)∈a2x−2=−3y−5=4z−3
2.4
A(−2,3,4)∈αa:0−4x−4=2+2y+2=4−5z−5a=(−4,4,−1)⊥α−4(x+2)+4(y−3)−(z−4)=0−4x+4y−z−16=0