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he percentage of microorganisms remaining vs. exposure time to autoclave sterilization process follows % = 70-t*2. The percentage of microorganisms remaining vs. exposure time to dry heat sterilization process follows % = 80-t*5. At what time both the methods are equally efficient?

After 6 mins of sterilization what will be the difference between the percentages of microorganisms remaining from both these methods, give the absolute number
The % live bacteria due to sterilization follows an exponential relation such as % live = 30 exp (-0.01 T). T is the temperature in oC. What should be the

temperature to achieve just less than 5 % live bacteria?
The percentage of microorganisms remaining vs. exposure time to autoclave sterilization process follows % = 70-t*2. The percentage of microorganisms remaining vs. exposure time to dry heat sterilization process follows % = 80-t*5. At what time both the methods are equally efficient?
(A) A 250 mm diameter pipe carries water flowing at 87 litres per second. the main pipe divides into two pipes,each 100 mm diameter. calculate the velocity in the smaller pipes.


(B) Evaluate the nature of linear momentum principles and their application in determining fluid flow parameters in optimising the operation of nozzle systems and fluid turbines.
0.078 kg of a carbon monoxide initially exists at 130 kPa and 120oC. The gas is then expanded polytropically to a state of 100 kPa and 100oC. Sketch the P-V diagram for this process. Also determine the value of n (index) and the boundary work done during this process.
A system contains 0.15 m3 of air pressure of 3.8 bars and 1500 C. It is expanded adiabatically till the pressure falls to 1.0 bar. The air is then heated at a constant pressure till its enthalpy increases by 70 kJ. Sketch the process on a P-V diagram and determine the total work done.

Use cp=1.005 kJ/kg.K and cv=0.714 kJ/kg.K
A 0.5 m3 rigid tank contains refrigerant-134a initially at 200 kPa and 40 percent quality. Heat is now transferred to the refrigerant until the pressure reaches 800 kPa. Determine (a) the mass of the refrigerant in the tank and (b) the amount of heat transferred. Also, show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.
A piston cylinder device contains 0.2 kg of water initially at 800 kPa

3

and 0.06 m . Now 200 kJ of heat is transferred to the water while its

pressure is held constant. Determine the final temperature of the water. Also, show the process on a T-V diagram with respect to saturation

lines
A circular tank with a diameter at the bottom of D 20 m and with vertical walls been filled with a flow of 240 m3/h. what will be the increase of the tank depth after 15 minutes, assuming a constant flow during this period of time?
. An insulated tank is divided into two parts by a partition. One part of the tank contains 6 kg of an ideal gas at 50°C and 800 kPa while the other part is evacuated. The partition is now removed, and the gas expands to fill the entire tank. Determine the final temperature and the pressure in the tank.
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