Civil and Environmental Engineering Answers

What is the standard way of quantifying or measuring matter

 Find the volume of a spherical wedge of radius 81 cm and central angle 19^o.

Define permineralization as a process in thepreservation of fossils. Give a classical example ofthis mode of preservation.

Consider the formation of ammonia: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) 2NH3(g). (a). Assuming that H° and S° are constant with temperature, find the temperature at which Kp= 1.00.

(b). Find Kp at 400.0 °C, the typical temperature for NH3 production.

Solid N2O5 reacts with water to form liquid HNO3. Consider the reaction with all substance in their standard states. (a.) Is the reaction spontaneous at 25 degrees Celsius? (b.) The solid decomposed to NO2 and O2 at 25 degrees Celsius. Is the decomposition spontaneous at 25 degrees C? At what temperature is it spontaneous?

An engine operates at a constant temperature of 110 degrees celsius through a reversible process. The engine work output is 5.30kJ and the heat loss is 6.20 kJ. Determine the change in entropy during the process.

Compare and contrast the Ammonoid and Nautiloidshells.​

1. You have been provided with a tray with two rugose corals; a Cystiphyllum and a Heliophylum.How will you distinguish between the two?
2. How did the muscle scar in the bivalve Pectenevolve?
3. Why is the tests of the microspheric individual of the foraminifera fewer or uncommon to that of the megalospheric form?

On a field trip with your colleagues you came across a shale with markings on it. You concluded that it is a graptolite genus Diplograptus. However,your colleague says it’s a Didymograptus. What are the characteristics of these graptolites that you could use to justify your conclusions? 

1. Why are the sutures of the ammonite shell one of the most important features of the organism?​
2. Which bioevent saw the demise of the graptolites and in which geologic period did this occur?​