Civil and Environmental Engineering Answers

1. What structural features can microfossil analysis be used to identify in the course of drilling a well?
2. What is the mineral composition of the Lingulashell and how did the fossil come by its name?​
3. What are the morphoecological habits of the articulate brachiopod  Terebratula, and the inarticulate type Lingula? 

1. How does paleoecology contribute to the exploration of oil and gas?
2. Name the major fossil groups that are used for biostratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental analysis in oil exploration
3. Explain why biostratigraphers are hesitant to use First Appearance Datum (FAD) but rather prefer the Last Appearance Datum (LAD) as bioevents in drilling operations.

1. Name two structures found in sedimentary rocks that are indications of trace fossils. 
2. Within the various habitats that comprise the marine ecosystem, all organisms fall into three categories. Name these categories ​​​
3. Corals are not found growing at the mouth of a river even though the water is warm with ample nutrients. Why are the corals absent from this environment?

• Define permineralization as a process in the preservation of fossils. Give a classical example of this mode of preservation that you have encountered as an Earth Science student

What key objectives should be adopted by the current design philosophy in the 

construction sector to effectively contribute to the achievement of the ambitious 

sustainability targets set by the UK government and many other countries 

worldwide?

b) What will be achieved through the adoption of the above design philosophy? 

c) What novel design methods should be adopted specifically for the case of steel-

concrete composite floors to facilitate a more sustainable design paradigm?

Describe the concept of the above methods and cite 3-4 relevant research 

papers.

A 15m long pre-cast concrete pile that is hexagonal in cross-section, with sides 

of 0.2m, has been driven into the layered soil deposit shown in Figure 2. The 

water table at the site varies seasonally from about 7m below the ground 

surface in summer to about 5m below the ground surface in winter. 

(a) Giving your reasons, select the most appropriate water-table to be used to 

calculate the load capacity of this pile. [1 mark]

(b) Based on the water-table selected in (a), calculate the ultimate axial load 

bearing capacity of this pile. [7 marks]

(c) Describe any additional measures that you would take before relying on 

the pile capacity calculated under (b). [2 

The figure is in this link https://ibb.co/yqp8H2R

Compute the value of EIv midway between the supports for the overhanging beam shown.

The figure is in this link https://ibb.co/4fZmNBs

For the beam shown with E = 29 x 106 psi, determine the slope and deflection at the end C using deflection by integration.

The box frame is subjected to a uniform distributed loading w along each of its sides. Determine the moment developed in each corner. Neglect the deflection due to axial load. EI is constant. 

The image is in this link https://ibb.co/74pwHpL

A W360 x 122 section is used as a column with an effective length of 10 m. Determine the maximum load that can be carried at an eccentricity of 300 mm. Should the load be placed on the X or Y axis? Assume σ_y = 290 MPa.