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The rate of the enzymatic reaction was measured at substrate concentrations lower than Km. In these cases, the dependence of the steady state rate on the substrate concentration is best described by: (select one or more)
a. is equal to Km
b. the speed is constant - Vmax
c. does not depend on the substrate concentration
d. proportional to the substrate concentration
e. depends on the concentration of the enzyme and the substrate
Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway is NOT true? (select one)
a. the electron acceptor is NADP +
b. gives precursors for the synthesis of NK, ATP, NAD +, coenzyme A, FAD, FMN
c. is very active in rapidly dividing cells - bone marrow, skin, intestinal mucosa
d. a major route for the breakdown of glucose in animal tissues
For the reaction: A + B = C + D, ∆Go ’= + 1kJ / mol. This reaction will proceed spontaneously in the right direction if: (select one)
a. the concentration of A increases a hundredfold
b. the concentration of both A and D decreases a hundredfold
c. the concentration of B decreases a hundredfold
d. the concentration of C increases a hundredfold
e. the concentration of both A and D increases one hundredfold
Which of the following statements about biological membranes are true? (select one or more)
a. they are made up mainly of lipids and carbohydrates
b. contain receptors for specific ligands (stimuli)
c. they perform energy transformations in photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation
d. are able to generate signals
e. represent a boundary between the cell and the environment that exhibits selective permeability
Which of the following statements does not express the meaning of metabolism? (select one)
a. to convert nutrients taken from the environment into building blocks and precursors of biomolecules
b. to extract chemical energy from substances obtained from the environment
c. to synthesize biomolecules from their building blocks
d. to degrade the biomolecules of the cell
e. to establish a balance between substances outside the cell and biomolecules in the cell
Arginine is a metabolite of: (select one)
a. β-oxidation
b. the ornithine cycle
c. the glycolytic chain
d. the Krebs cycle
e. the glyoxalate cycle
Which of the following statements about chemosmotic theory is true? (select one)
a. electronic transfer in mitochondria is accompanied by asymmetric release of protons in the intermembrane space
b. the influence of decoupling reagents is a consequence of their ability to transfer electrons across membranes
c. oxidative phosphorylation can occur even in the absence of an intact inner mitochondrial membrane
d. electron transfer and ATP synthesis are inhibited by NADH
e. membrane ATP synthase has no significant role in chemosmotic theory
Phosphofructokinase 1 is regulated by:
a. high [fructose 2,6 - phosphate] - activation
b. high [ATP] - activation
c. low [AMP] - activation
d. high [ATP] and [citrate] - inhibition
e. high [AMP] - activation
Which of the reactions catalyzed by the listed enzymes does not produce ammonia?
a. glutamate pyruvate amino transferase
b. glutamate decarboxylase
c. glutamine hydrolase
d. aspartate deaminase
e. glutamate dehydrogenase
The main enzyme (though not the only one) of fatty acid biosynthesis under control is: (select one)
a. β-hydroxy-β-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase
b. private acid synthase
c. citrate lyase
d. acetyl-CoA carboxylase
e. β-hydroxy-β-methyl-glutaryl-CoA lyase
