Biology Answers

Restriction endonucleases have the following features, except __________.

1 recognizing palindromic DNA sequences

2 being produced by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

3 destroying viral DNA

4 making single and double stranded breaks in DNA

5 recognizing MCS sequences

 Features of water purification include the following, except __________. 

1 reverse osmosis 

2 phytoremediation 

3 wetlands 

4 grey water 

5 biorenovation

A polymerase chain reaction is heated to over 90oC to allow strand__________. 

1 extension 

2 annealing 

3 separation 

4 termination 

5 concatemers

 DNA is directly involved as a template in the following processes, except _________. 

1 replication 

2 transfection 

3 translation 

4 transcription 

5 mutation

The following processes involve manipulation of DNA molecules, except _________. 

1 genetic engineering 

2 clonal selection 

3 recombinant technology 

4 ELISA 

5 sub-cloning

Real-time PCR has many features, except __________. 

1 amplifying DNA 

2 increasing the amount of DNA exponentially 

3 requiring antibodies 

4 using a thermostable enzyme 

5 probes and primers

Evaluate the significance of chromosomal behaviour during cell division. Provide justified arguments for and against the behaviour of independent assortment and crossing over leading to variation within an organism.

discuss the behaviour of the chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis in each stage of cell division, including the similarities and differences between plant and animal cells. Ensure you cover: 

• Mitosis - interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

• Meiosis - interphase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, interkinesis, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II, cytokinesis

Explain in detail how and why the structure of the human chromosome relates to the function. Your explanations must include: 

• centromere 

• chromatids

• autosomes

• sex chromosomes

• chromosome number

• homologous

• non-homologous chromosomes

discuss the role of gene flow in evolution. and the attributes of biological species that ensure that different species do not interbreed