Answer to Question #222304 in Biology for HASSENA

Question

Subject Course:- FISH TAXONOMY

Submitted Date:- Friday, Aug 6

Write short and precise answer for the following questions

1. What is character?

2. What is character state?

3. What is convergent evolution?

4. What is parallel evolution?

5. What is the difference between parallel and convergent evolution?

6. In cladistics classification conflicts that might arise in construction of cladogram are solved by rule of parsimony. What is Rule of parsimony?

7. What is the difference between homologous feature and analogous feature? 

8. According to cladistics classification, two organisms are closely related if they do have derived and shared characters. 

  A. What is derived and shared characters mean? 

  B. How is possible to identify either a character is derived or primitive?

Answer 1

This the below questions based on FISH TAXONOMY:

Write short and precise answers to the following questions

·        What is character?

A character is any feature belonging to a member of an entirely different taxon, by which two members of different taxa converge but disagree with other members belonging to a third taxonomic character

·        What is a character state?

A character state can be defined as the state of an instance of homoplasy when shared by more than two organisms but in the absence of their common ancestry lineage from previous setoff ancestors, therefore inferred to have evolved from the reversal of the same.

·        What is convergent evolution?

Can be defined as the individualistic evolution of the same features in different species between different periods in time.

·        What is parallel evolution?

This is an evolutionary process whereby more than two species within the same environmental conditions develop similarly in characterization or adaptation.

What is the difference between parallel and convergent evolution?

·        Convergent evolution literally occurs when the descendants of a species bare similar resemblance to each other, much more than the similarity in the previous ancestry lineage in some features, while parallel evolution connotes how two or more lineages bare change but in similar ways, hence the descendants have more similarity than the ancestors had.

·        In cladistics classification conflicts that might arise in the construction of cladogram are solved by the rule of parsimony. What is the Rule of parsimony?

The rule implies the principles implying that the easiest and simple method of explaining an observation is the most preferred explanation.

·        What is the difference between homologous features and analogous features?

Homologous features tend to share the same embryonic originality whereas analogous features only share similar functionality

·        According to cladistics classification, two organisms are closely related if they do have derived and shared characters.

a)      What is derived and shared characters mean?

-A shared character is which that two distinct lineages share a similarity and in which its characters can group different organisms to clades while a derived character is one that has evolved over time in the lineage giving rise to a clade different from other individuals

b) How is possible to identify either a character is derived or primitive?

-Primitive traits can be differentiated since they contain those traits that are inherited from close ancestry lineage while derived traits tend to appear in the recent lineage, the one giving rise to a newly formed branch.