Answer to Question #221417 in Biology for Abhishek Gaurav

Question

40. Explain the following in 2-3 sentences.

(a)Health

(b)Pellagra

(c)Cretinism

(d)Atherisderosis

(e)Recommended Dietary Intakes

(f)Rickets

(g)Mycotoxins

(h)Adulterations

(i)Inhibitors

(j)Perishability

(k)Wasting

(l)Constipation

(m)Standardised Recipe

(n)Mutual Supplementation

Answer 1

• Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. This is absence of disease or infirmity.
• Pellagra is a disease caused by lack of enough niacin. Niacin is one of the B complex vitamins.
• Cretinism is severe hypothyroidism in a child. It is caused by lack of maternal iodine but the condition is increasingly rare.
• Atherisderosis is the build up of fats, chorestral and other substances on the artery walls. A build up may cause obstruction of blood flow.
• Recommended dietary intake is the system of nutrition recommendation from national academy of medicine of national academics. It was introduced in 1997.
• Rickets is the softening and weakening of bones in children. It occurs due to inadequate vitamin D.
• Mycotoxins is a toxic secondary metabolic product by organisms of fungus kingdom. They are capable of causing diseases and death to human beings and animals.
• Adulterations are substances found within a substance such as food and cosmetics that compromise the safety of the substance.
• Inhabitors are genes whose presence prevent expression of some other genes at a different locus. It is the cellular control mechanism in which an enzymes activity is inhabited by the enzymes end product.
• Perishability is a way in which a substance capacity cannot be stored for future use. This is due to the high rate of metabolism.
• Wasting is the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to waste away. This is the weakening, shrinking and loss of muscle caused by disease.
• Constipation is a condition caused by dehydration, lack of dietary fiber, physical inactivity or medication side effects. This condition is not caused by a disease.
• Standardized recipe. This is a method of standardizing recipe in such a way there is tight control. A standard recipe includes the size of the portion that will make up a serving of the recipe.
• Mutual suplimentation is the blending of two or more proteins. This is done so that the excess of the essential amino acid present on the protein can make up the differences of the same amino acids in the other proteins.