Answer to Question #213866 in Psychology for Emmanuel Egbuagha

Question

Discuss the following

A) Deming main approaches to quality management

B) Juran Main approaches to quality management ,

C) Crosby main approaches to quality management

D) Taguchi approach to quality management.

Include references in your answer

Answer 1

Quality Management Approaches: Deming, Juran, & Crosby Deming Approach:

Dr Edward Deming denotes that Management’s aim should be to create a system in which every employee of all levels may take joy in their work. Deming believed in single sourcing of supplies. Moreover, he argued that the benefit of a strong cooperative relationship with suppliers more than outweighs the different kinds of short-term cost gains from competitive rendering. Furthermore, he advocated complete co-operation with suppliers, including the use of statistical process control (SPC) techniques.

According to Deming: Quality is defined as a predictable degree of uniformity and dependability at low cost. The senior management is also responsible for the majority of the problems at work and focuses on an overall approach towards continuous improvement (which also means eliminating goals). Furthermore, performance standards can be measured using statistical process control, which should also be used in the purchasing process in an organization. He also says that there is no optimum cost of quality, and that employee participation in decisions is necessary.

Philip Crosby:

Crosby suggested four “absolutes of quality”:

According to Crosby: Quality is defined as conformance to requirement. The senior management is responsible for the quality, and that standards for performance should be based on zero defects. Furthermore, he rejects the use of statistical process control and believes that the basis for improvement is a “process not a programme”. He also favors the prevention approach when it comes to implementing quality. Additionally, Crosby claims that deployment of quality improvement teams is essential for teamwork and that quality is “free”. Moreover, suppliers are seen as extensions of the bus Juran

J.M.Juran coined the phrase “fitness for purpose”. He also rejected Crosby’s approach (‘zero defects’, ‘Conformance to specification'), and argued the law of diminishing returns applies to quality control and that ‘ Quality is NOT free’. Juran’s approaches placed a strong emphasis on teamwork and is a very people-oriented approach. It also summarized as ‘prevention’, rather than the traditional inspection and testing procedures.

Juran has discomfort with the ideas of Crosby because Crosby believed the approach is "process" and not "people-oriented". Crosby also emphasized conformance to specification. Juran ascertains it is difficult to accept that there are absolutes in quality. Quality is defined as “fitness for purpose”. Like Deming, he believes that management is responsible for the majority of the problems in the organization. He has a very people-oriented approach and so he emphasizes on the management of humans in the business. He believes the way to measure performance is by setting goals and seeing how people perform to it. Furthermore, he recommends the use of statistical process tools and teamwork must have a quality circle approachTaguchi approach

The Taguchi method of quality control is an approach to engineering that emphasizes the roles of research and development (R&D), and product design and development in reducing the occurrence of defects and failures in manufactured goods.

This method, developed by Japanese engineer and statistician Genichi Taguchi, considers design to be more important than the manufacturing process in quality control and aims to eliminate variances in production before they can occur.

Reference

Winston Bruce, “Total Quality Management: A heartfelt approach to doing things right” Regent University: School of Business, 1997

Juran Joseph, “Juran’s Quality Handbook” 5th edition, 1998

Oakland J, “Total Quality Management” Springer Publishers, 1989