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Discuss the 4 categories in which work concerning information security and protection relating to Operating Systems are grouped.

Answer the following in your own words.  


  1. Why does the maximum packet lifetime have to be large enough to ensure that not only the packet but also its acknowledgments have disappeared?
  2. Give one potential disadvantage when Nagle's algorithm is used on a badly congested network.
  3. Give two examples of cases where TCP sends data-less packets on an established connection (which is not being torn down).
  4. Exercise 5.0 from section 12.24 of the textbook:
  5. Suppose you see multiple TCP connections on your workstation in state FIN_WAIT_1. What is likely going on? Whose fault is it?
  6. What might be going on if you see connections languishing in state FIN_WAIT_2?

Distinguish between two main categories of processor registers; and give examples to illustrate your answer.


Identify and describe in detail what can you possibly use to capture and modify information on your laptop without any extra devices
a. Identify and describe in detail what you can possibly use to capture and modify information on your laptop without connecting any extra devices.

b. Identify and describe in details the functions of the smartphones that the user can activate to allow their immediate family members living in the same house to connect their laptops and tablets to their smartphone with unlimited data bundles
  1. Assuming standard 1500 byte Ethernet max payloads: how many IPv4 fragments will be needed to transfer 2000 bytes of user data with a single UDP send? And, how do the 2000 bytes get split over the frags?
  2. Despite its conceptual elegance, RPC (Remote Procedure Call) has a few problems. Discuss any 3 of those in brief.
  3. Why is timestamping needed in real-time applications? This is in the context of Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP).
  4. Why does UDP exist? Would it not have been enough to just let user processes send raw IP packets?
  5. Explain how QUIC eliminates a couple of RTTs usually needed at the start of a secure web connection.

my number is 1921038

Each student’s number uxxxxxxx must be converted into the format xxx.xx.xx.0/25 by applying the following procedure to obtain the student’s block IP address and mask

First IP 1. If first digit is 1 or 2 then take the first three digits as the first section of IP address 2. If first digit is 0, then take the first three digit and replace the leading 0 by 1, for the first section of IP address.

Second IP 1. Take the next 2 digits (digit 4th and 5th of your student number) the second section the IP address; 2. If both are 0s (zeros) replace them by 11 and if only the digit 4th is 0 then ignore it (i.e. do not include it in your IP address).

Third IP 1. For the third section of the IP address, take the following 2 digits (digit 6th and 7th) 2. If both are 0s (zeros) replace them by 11 and if only the 6th digit is 0 ignore it (i.e. do not include it in the IP address).

Fourth IP 1. The last section of the IP address must be zero Mask 2. Finally, the mask is /25



. Computer Science is no more about computers than medicine is about stethoscopes. Do you agree with this statement or not; defend your answer with practical examples.


Information system professionals in various organizations help to streamline and coordinate the performance of data processing and storage activities in their outfits to foster effectiveness and
efficiency.Furthermore, to ensure accurate work performance, these professionals regularly examine the
quality of information that they produce.

(i). Discuss four categories of Information System professionals that a typical large business organization may have; and for each category, explain (in your own words) what they do on daily basis and skills they need to succeed in their work.
Ridge Hospital has recently acquired and installed five laptops and ultra-modern biometric devices (computer embedded systems). As an IT expert, you have been
invited to do the following to the hospital staff:

(i). Show and explain the machines’ input devices and output devices.

(ii). Explain how these machines work together to receive inputs, process these inputs, generate output, and store the output onto output devices.

Write your answers to (i) and (ii) as a report for submission to the hospital management. This report will later form the basis of your presentation.
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