When a bat walks over ground searching for insects (its prey), it is usually guided more by hearing an insect than by seeing it because a bats vision is poor and they search at night. However some types of bats can detect and capture an insect, such as a moth, when both are in fight. Although the bat flies quickly, it can home in on an insect and nab it. How does the bat detect not only the presence of the insect but also its direction and speed of flight?
Why do bats have a better time nabbing flying moths near a mercury vapor lamp (commonly used as a street lamp) than over an open field? Why does the advantage disappear if the lamp is a sodium vapor lamp?
Bats can roost in deep, dark caves flying in and out to forage for food. In the complete darkness of a twisting passage of a cave they do not fly into the walls. How do they do that?