Atomic and Nuclear Physics Answers

 A current of 2 A flowing through a coil of 100 turns gives rise to a magnetic flux of 5 × 10−5 Wb per turn. Calculate the magnetic energy associated with the coil

8. If the real normalized functions f(x) and g(x) are not orthogonal, show that their sum f(x) +g(x) and their difference f(x)−g(x) are orthogonal.

1. Using the Weiszacker’s formula, calculate the binding energy per nucleon for 235

92 U and

its two fission products: 149

60 Nd and 86

32Ge.

 In the Helium-Neon laser, lasing occurs between two excited states of the neon atom. However, in many lasers lasing occurs between the ground state and an excited state. Consider such a laser that emits at wavelength λ = 550 nm. If a population inversion is not generated, (i) what is the ratio of the population of atoms in state Ex to the population in the ground state E0 with atoms at room temperature? For the condition in (i), at (ii) what temperature would the ratio Nx/N0 be 1/2?.

2. (a) A radioactive nucleus 180

72 X undergoes a series of radioactive α, β−, α, γ radiations and successively decays into X1, X2, X3 and X4. What are A and Z of the final nucleus X4.

(b) What is pair production? Explain why pair production cannot occur bellow an energy of

1.02MeV .

(c) Consider the following nuclear reactions. Classify all the elementary particles involved and

tell which of the two reactions is allowed / not allowed and explain why?.

i. p + ¯νe −→ n + µ

+

ii. p + ¯νe −→ n + e

+

(d) How much time (in years) will be required for 5 mg of 22Na (T1/2 = 2.60yrs) to reduce to 1

mg?.

7. The atomic ratio between Uranium isotope 238U and 234U in a mineral sample is found to be 1.8 × 104 . The half-life of 234U is 2.5 × 105 yrs. Find the hal-life of 238U.

6. The polonium isotope 210 84 Po is unstable and emits a 5.30 MeV alpha particle. The atomic mass of 210 84 Po is 20998 and that of 4 2He is 4.0026u. Identify the daughter nuclide and find its atomic mass in u

An unstable isotope with mass number210 emits 5.3MeV alpha particle. If the atomic mass of unstable isotope is 209.98 u and alpha particle is 4.0026u, determine the atomic mass of daughter nuclide. 

If the average energy released per fission in a reactor is 150MeV, determine the amount of radioactive sample consumed in every second such that tractor releases thermal energy at a rate of 359MW. 

Calculate the number of nucleons in the nucleus for a particular element with binding energy 545.281 MeV and binding energy per nucleon 8.7948 .

.