Question #341623

The average weight of 80 randomly


selected sacks of rice is 45.54 kilos with a


standard deviation of 17 kilos. Test the


hypothesis at a 0.01 level of significance that


the true mean weight is less than 49 kilos. 2. The average length of time for students to


have their subjects controlled is 40 minutes. A


new controlling procedure using modern


computing machines is being tried. If a random


sample of 15 students has an average


controlling time of 25 minutes with a standard


deviation of 12.9 minutes under the new


system, test the hypothesis that the average


length of time to control student’s subjects is


less than 40 minutes. Use a level of


significance of 0.10 and assume the


population of controlling times to be normally


distributed.

1
Expert's answer
2022-05-18T07:00:40-0400

1. The following null and alternative hypotheses need to be tested:

H0:μ49H_0:\mu\ge49

Ha:μ<49H_a:\mu<49

This corresponds to a left-tailed test, for which a t-test for one mean, with unknown population standard deviation, using the sample standard deviation, will be used.

Based on the information provided, the significance level is α=0.01,\alpha = 0.01, df=n1=79df=n-1=79 degrees of freedom, and the critical value for a left-tailed test is tc=2.374482.t_c =-2.374482.The rejection region for this left-tailed test is R={t:t<2.374482}.R = \{t:t< -2.374482\}.

The t-statistic is computed as follows:


t=45.544917/80=1.8204t=\dfrac{45.54-49}{17/\sqrt{80}}=-1.8204

Since it is observed that t=1.8204>2.374482=tc,t = -1.8204> -2.374482=t_c, it is then concluded that the null hypothesis is not rejected.

Using the P-value approach:

The p-value for left-tailed df=79df=79 degrees of freedom, t=1.8204t=-1.8204 is p=0.036243,p=0.036243, and since p=0.036243>0.01=α,p=0.036243>0.01=\alpha, it is concluded that the null hypothesis is not rejected.

Therefore, there is not enough evidence to claim that the population mean μ\mu is less than 80, at the α=0.01\alpha = 0.01 significance level.


2. The following null and alternative hypotheses need to be tested:

H0:μ40H_0:\mu\ge40

Ha:μ<40H_a:\mu<40

This corresponds to a left-tailed test, for which a t-test for one mean, with unknown population standard deviation, using the sample standard deviation, will be used.

Based on the information provided, the significance level is α=0.10,\alpha = 0.10, df=n1=14df=n-1=14 degrees of freedom, and the critical value for a left-tailed test is tc=1.34503.t_c =-1.34503.The rejection region for this left-tailed test is R={t:t<1.34503}.R = \{t:t< -1.34503\}.

The t-statistic is computed as follows:


t=254012.9/15=4.503469t=\dfrac{25-40}{12.9/\sqrt{15}}=-4.503469

Since it is observed that t=4.503469<1.34503=tc,t = -4.503469<-1.34503=t_c, it is then concluded that the null hypothesis is not rejected.

Using the P-value approach:

The p-value for left-tailed df=14df=14 degrees of freedom, t=4.503469t=-4.503469 is p=0.000248,p= 0.000248, and since p=0.000248<0.10=α,p= 0.000248<0.10=\alpha, it is concluded that the null hypothesis is rejected.

Therefore, there is enough evidence to claim that the population mean μ\mu is less than 40, at the α=0.10\alpha = 0.10 significance level.


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