Search & Filtering
Question: “John was employed by Stealthjet plc in their factory assembling a new top secret design of high-tech fighter jets for military use. He was killed in an explosion at the factory. His Widow, Jessica, wishes to establish that the defective design of the fighter jets, or the system for making them, caused the explosion, and so to recover damages from Stealthjet plc. Advise Jessica whether she is likely to succeed in a claim against Stealthjet plc”.
Zingapi wishes to start her own catering business. Her friend conty registered a close corporation in 2007 and wishes to sell the business. Zingapi is unsure whether she should register a company or buy conty's close corporation. Advise zingapi of the advantages of the close corporation as a business form (5 Marks )
25. Marital conflict and break-up, interfamilial and interpersonal conflict, parental neglect and deviance, are aspects linked to … as a risk factor for criminal causation.
1. socialisation
2. family composition
3. family structure
4. family functioning
22. Which one of the options below applies, in order for a subject to qualify as an independent discipline?
1. It must follow general and common procedures or methods in research
2. It must have a wide range of objects of study
3. It must be possible to identify general and common areas of study
4. It must have a sturdy theoretical foundation
23. Intention is linked to two foundations, namely … elements.
1. affective and cognitive
2. conative and emotional
3. cognitive and volitional
4. expressive and volitional
24. To determine a ‘good theory’, the principle of ‘evidence of validity’ refers to:
1. Generalisation of ideas
2. Facts fitting together harmoniously to guide policy implications
3. The ability to contradict the assumptions of a theory 4. Real-life empirical support for the theory
20. Gender differences play a role in criminality. In this regard, which one of the options below points to circumstances that lead females to act more aggressively than males?
1. Females in a female setting may feel more restricted than males to express anger and aggression.
2. Anonymity may prevent females from empathising with the victim, which may lead to aggressive behaviour.
3. Gender differences in aggression increase when the male victim is known to the female.
4. Females behave less aggressively than males when they have the means to do so and do not believe that their behaviour is justified.
21. The … level, also known as the principled level, is marked by a growing realisation that individuals are separate entities from society and that the individual’s own perspective may take precedence over society’s view.
1. conventional
2. pre-conventional
3. post-conventional
4. interim-conventional
18. When analysing the classification and measurement of crime, … is/are used for the classification of crime in South Africa and consists of … categories.
1. the official crime statistics; 43
2. crime trends; 45
3. crime patterns; 25
4. the code of crime list; 35
19. The first South African criminologists were trained in … and were influenced by Bonger who ascribed the causes of crime mainly to … and …
1. Europe; economic disparities; capitalism.
2. America; ethnic majorities; oppression.
3. Asia; lack of education; marginalisation.
4. Africa; poverty; unemployment.
15. According to the general theory of crime, poor self-control is a prominent factor associated with…
1. poor socialising practices.
2. hereditary factors.
3. poor child-rearing practices.
4. cognitive deficiencies
16. People have limited free will and although they can make choices about their behaviour, these choices are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This statement relates to:
1. Hard determinism
2. Soft determinism
3. Moral reasoning
4. Locus of control
17. There are various motivation theories which describe and explain human behaviour. Of these motivation theories, which one advocates that rewards and punishment serve to ensure that people act in a particular way?
1. Structure
2. Process
3. Instrumental
4. Content
14. Conklin (2013) identified four types of violent offenders. The culturally violent offenders consist of:
1. Offenders who commit crimes because of psychological abnormalities or mental illness and their crimes are often accompanied by sadism and violence. 2. Offenders without a history of prior offences, who have better school performance records compared to other types of violent offenders and who know their victims.
3. Offenders with limited social skills, opportunities and education are often linked to negative responses such as anger and frustrations towards the community. 4. Offenders who are generally better educated, who commit property-related and economic offences and in some cases, violent offences, in order to benefit financially from their offences.
13. The general theory of crime posits that common characteristics of crime include:
1. Easy and simple satisfaction of desires and needs, immediate gratification and excitement.
2. Delayed gratification and a lot of skill and planning with short-term advantages.
3. Pain and discomfort for perpetrators although crime provides them with immediate satisfaction.
4. Skilled planning and sophisticated acts with long-term advantages.
9. According to … feminism, the subordination of women is located in the capitalist exploitation of their domestic role, together with a dominant ideology where women are perceived as the primary care-givers within a domestic setting.
1. liberal
2. black
3. socialist
4. Marxist
10. To master the environment and maintain warm relationships, refers to a … need.
1. biological
2. social
3. psychological
4. materialistic
11. The …. of a theory is the essence and essential arguments that create the framework of a theory.
1. key premise
2. background
3. evaluation
4. predictability
12. Moral reasoning, the mind-set of offenders, self-control and impulsiveness are components of … associated with crime.
1. environmental influences
2. biological factors
3. social learning aspects
4. social cognition
