Answer to Question #230272 in English for Mama

Question

Compare and contrast the following theories with implications to classroom activities:

1) Cognitive development theory . (3)

2) Social- Cognitive theory. (3)

3) Psychosocial theory. (3)

4) Bio-ecological model theory of development .( 3)

Answer 1

1.     According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children progress through four stages of intellectual development that represent the increasing sophistication of their thinking. Each kid progresses through the phases in the same order, and biological maturation and interaction with the environment dictate child development. Each stage of development involves a new sort of intellect, and the child's thinking is fundamentally different from the preceding phases.

2.     Albert Bandura, a Stanford psychologist, created the social cognitive theory. People are seen as active agents who both impact and are influenced by their surroundings, according to the notion. Observational learning is a key component of the theory: it is the process of learning desirable and unpleasant actions by seeing others and then imitating those behaviors to maximize rewards. According to the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the environment, behavior, and personal and cognitive variables all interact as determinants of one another. Human functioning is described in terms of a number of basic capabilities, including symbolic capability, forethought capability, vicarious capability (ability to learn by observing/imitating/modeling others' behaviors and attitudes), self-regulatory capability, and self-reflective capability, according to this theory.

3.     Erik Erikson popularized psychosocial theory, which examines recurring patterns in self-awareness, identity formation, social connections, and worldview over time. The identification of adolescence as the phase of life when a person forms a personal identity, a framework of values and commitments that drive important life choices in the transition to adulthood, is a major contribution of psychosocial theory.

4.     Urie Bronfenbrenner proposed the bioecological theory of development, which states that human development is a transactional process in which an individual's growth is influenced by interactions with many aspects and spheres of their environment. Brofenbrenner's Bioecological Model of Human Development emphasizes the impact of the environment on an individual's development in addition to biology. Bronfenbrenner revolutionized developmental psychology by highlighting the wide range of environmental influences on child development, ranging from the people and institutions in one's immediate environment to national cultural forces.