- Has difficulty blending sounds to form a word.
- Has difficulty sounding out words into sounds (segmenting).
- Has difficulty identifying letters and/or letter clusters.
- Takes longer to recall names and sounds of letters.
- Has difficulty using letter cluster knowledge used in one word to assist reading another word with a similar cluster pattern- analogy.
- Doesn't recognise letter clusters (e.g. sp-ent) or digraphs
(e.g. oa / th) in words
- Is inconsistent with letter identification, learning the visual code
The student relies heavily on these reading strategies:
- Converts each letter to a sound and blends sounds
- Segments words into letters or inappropriate clusters
(e.g. wi-nd-ow)
- Predicts words on the basis of an individual letter and/or a letter cluster
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