Answer to Question #163462 in Biology for Aliya

Question

describe using an example, the physiological consequences of hormone imbalances; ie diabetes mellitus, insipidus, gigantism, crentisim, goiter, graves disease. Diabetes mellitus occurs when there isn't enough insulin being produced in the body. Diabetes insipidus? Not sure what hormonal imbalance causes this.

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is associated with an increased concentration of glucose in the blood. The hormone insulin induces the transportation of the glucose molecules from the blood into the body cells (i.e., muscles and fat tissues cells) where it is used as a source of energy or stored as fat. Lack of insulin results in the accumulation of glucose in the blood causing multiple abnormalities specific for diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes insipidus is a disease characterized by a large amount of dilute urine and increased thirst. Lack of antidiuretic hormone produced by hypothalamus will lead to a deficiency in aquaporin channels in the distal collecting ducts in kidneys. This deficiency will prevent the reabsorption of water increasing the production of urine and rise the osmolality of water inducing the thirst.