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Hempel’s Ravens Inductive Logic

The German philosopher Carl G Hempel, in his beautiful and elegant treatise written in 1965, demonstrated that there were flaws in the long held scientific processes of inductive reasoning, generalization, and falsifiability of logic as it is commonly understood and practised.

The background of inductive reasoning: Hempel used raven as a central point of his argument against the long held pattern of scientific reasoning and he used the following example: Imagine that you had taken a long walk as a scientist and you happened to see a raven that you noted to be black, you might make your comment and say, ‘’I saw a black raven.’’ If sometimes after that you noticed a few more ravens that were black, you might say ‘’what a perfect coincidence, these other ravens are black too.’’ If time passed by and in your adventure you happened to see more ravens that were black, the chances are that you could say ‘’this is much more that coincidence’’ and with the instincts and natural practice of an observant scientist, you therefore form a hypothesis ‘’All ravens are black.’’
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Arithmetic and its Fundamental Theorem

The natural number system-the set of numbers that comes to us naturally- is comprised of mainly composite and prime numbers. Numbers obtained by multiplying two other numbers are composite numbers while prime numbers are numbers whose factors are themselves and 1 only. Examples of composite numbers include numbers such as 6 which is obtained by multiplying 2 and 3. Prime numbers 2 and 3 are said to be the factors of 6 or they are divisors of 6. Prime numbers are so many and they are typically known as numbers with two factors only-itself and 1.
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High Quality Online Calculus Homework Solutions

Calculus homework assistance is of a great importance for all the students who have faced this subject. Although the majority of students face calculus assignments almost every day, a lot of them cannot cope with it on their own. That’s the reason why many students approach online web companies with ‘solve my calculus problemor ‘solve my graph theory’ requests looking for professional experts ready to render calculus assistance of any complexity.
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The Algebraic Concept of x- and y-intercepts

Graphical representation of the x-and y-intercepts is quite simple. The intercepts at the x-axis, called x-intercepts are points where the graph crosses the x-axis while the intercepts at the y-axis, called the y-intercepts are points where the graph crosses the y-axis. However, the main challenge of the intercepts comes when we attempt to provide algebraic expressions and equations to the x-and y- intercepts.
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Math solvers

College life is an amazing and the most memorable period of life. However, Math problems are an integral part of college life and most of the time they make studying process stressful and frustrating. That’s the reason why a lot of students try to find online algebra homework solver hoping that Math solver will shatter their fears finally.
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Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion

Johannes Kepler, a German mathematician and astronomer who lived between 1571 and 1630 was a determined scientist who was so interested in studying the motion of planets such that he started to demonstrate early in his career that the planets were always in circular motion in agreement with the Aristotelian credence using Platonic solids to describe the motion of the planets.

Kepler inherited the works of Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer who died in 1601and to whom Kepler was a friend and assistant. Kepler studied Tycho’s works and data without a telescope; he came to understand many things about the planets and their motions particularly that if focus could shift from seeing the earth as the centre of the universe to the sun being the centre, then he concluded that the motion of the planets must then be seen as elliptical.
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Dandelin or Focal Spheres

Typically, the conic sections, and that includes the ellipse, parabola, and the hyperbola all have their definitions connected to the intersection a plane makes with a cone. However, more technically useful definitions of the conic sections are those provided by plane geometry. The equivalence of the definitions of the conic sections have been proved by Germinal Pierre Dandelin, a Belgian mathematician who discovered the concept now known as the Dandelin spheres in 1822.

focal_sphere

The Dandelin spheres which are sometimes called focal spheres can be used to prove some important theorems; at least two. Though the theorems proved by Dandelin have been known for centuries yet Dandelin made it easier to prove them.
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