Question

What is the basic difference in the nature of
the electric fields produced by static charges
and those induced by changing magnetic
fields ?

Answer 1

The only difference is in the structure of the fields:

• The field contribution from static charges are non-rotational (curl-free) but divergent.
• The field contributions from time-varying magnetic fields are divergence-less but have non-zero curl.

You can read this right out of the Gauss and Faraday's Laws in their differential form:

$$\text{div} \vec{E} = \nabla \cdot \vec{E} = \frac{\rho}{\epsilon_0}, \qquad \text{rot} \vec{E} = \nabla \times \vec{E} = - \frac{\partial \vec{B}}{\partial t}$$