Answer to Question #144971 in Electricity and Magnetism for Khansa

Question #144971
: Devise a strategy to derive an expression of Electric Field at a point R due to an Electric Dipole without using the expression of Electric Scalar Potential. You can use either Coulumb’s or Gauss’s Law.
1
Expert's answer
2020-11-20T09:35:37-0500

As point P is very far from the dipole, given dipole can be considered as a point dipole.

From Coulumb’s Law for a point dipole electric field on axial line is

Ea=2kpR3E_a = \frac{2kp}{R^3}

p = qd

Electric field on equatorial line is

Ee=kpR3E_e = -\frac{kp}{R^3}

E2=2kpcosθR3E_2 = \frac{2kpcosθ}{R^3}

E1=kpsinθR3E_1 = -\frac{kpsinθ}{R^3}

The net field at P is

E=E12+E22=kpR3sin2θ+4cos2θ=kpR31+3cos2θE = \sqrt{E_1^2 + E_2^2} = \frac{kp}{R^3}\sqrt{sin^2θ + 4cos^2θ} = \frac{kp}{R^3}\sqrt{1 + 3cos^2θ}


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