U(m) is the group of positive integers j ≤ m such that gcd(j, m) = 1, under multiplication modulo m.
Since elements in u(2n) are coprime to 2,
U(2n)=1,3,5...2n−3,2n−1 }The order
u(2n) is φ(2n)=2n−1,
2n−1 is of order 2, since
(2n−1)2=22n−2n+1≡1mod2nAlso(2n−1+1)2=22n−2+2n+1≡1mod2nMoreso(2n−1−1)2=2n−2−2n+1≡1mod2nforn≥3
Comments