A pollution charge gives a profit-maximizing firm an incentive to:
- Work harder.
- Hire more workers.
- Hire fewer workers.
- Determine ways to reduce its emissions.
- Determine ways to increase its emissions.
Compared with a command-and-control regulation, a pollution tax:
- Actually increases pollution.
- Reduces pollution in a more flexible, expensive way.
- Reduces pollution in a less flexible, cheaper way.
- Reduces pollution in a more flexible, cheaper way.
- Wins more hearts.
Buying and selling the marketable pollution permits will determine:
- Exactly which firms reduce pollution and by how much.
- Exactly which firms reduce pollution, but has no impact on the amount.
- The amount of pollution reduction, but cannot allocate the reduction between firms.
- Which consumers benefit.
- How much tax revenue the government will collect.
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