When the externality of pollution exists:
- The supply curve no longer represents all social costs.
- The supply curve continues to represent all social costs.
- Everybody benefits.
- Nobody benefits.
- Society benefits.
Economists commonly refer to externalities as an example of:
- Too many chefs, not enough cooks.
- In for a penny, in for a pound.
- A pound of flesh.
- The aphorism of the apocalypse.
- Market failure.
Command-and-control regulation requires that firms increase their costs:
- At the expense of society.
- By installing anti-pollution equipment.
- By polluting more.
- By increasing their level of production.
- All of the above.
Command-and-control regulation is inflexible; it usually
- Requires different standards for all polluters.
- Requires the same standard for all polluters.
- Will not bend to consumer preferences.
- Will reach the worst possible outcome.
- Cannot even touch its toes.
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