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In an aqueous solution at 25°C, if [H₃O⁺] = 2.4 × 10⁻⁴ M, then [OH⁻] is:
Investigate the following:
1. The spontaneity of a process based on entropy.
2. Determine whether entropy increases or decreases if the temperature, the phase, and the number of particles are changed.
3. Explain the second law of thermodynamics and its significance
4. How to use Gibbs free energy to determine the direction of a reaction.
5. State the importance of conversation of energy.
6. Explain the influence of energy change, energy trasformation, and energy utilization to the environment and on Earth as a whole.
1.CO reacts with Cl2 to form phosgene (COCl2), a nerve gas used during World War I. (12 points)
〖Cl〗_(2(g))↔2〖Cl〗_((g)) fast
〖CO〗_((g))+〖Cl〗_((g))→〖COCl〗_((g)) slow
〖COCl〗_((g))+〖Cl〗_((g))→〖COCl〗_(2(g)) fast
(a) Determine the overall reation.
(b) Write the rate law expression for each elementary reaction.
(c) Identify any intermediates.
(d) Determine the overall rate law expression.
2.For each of the following elementary reactions, write the rate equation and molecularity:
2NO+H_2→N_2+H_2 O
P〖Cl〗_3+〖Cl〗_2→〖PCl〗_5
Reaction Mechanism Problem:
The following pair of elementary reactions occur when atomic chlorine in the environment reacts with ozone: (12 points)
Cl+O_(3(g))→〖ClO〗_((g))+O_(2(g)) fast
〖ClO〗_((g) )+O→〖Cl〗_((g))+O_(2(g)) slow
Determine the overall reaction.
Write the rate law expression for each elementary reaction.
Identify any intermediates.
Determine the overall rate law expression.
The following equation describes how nitrogen(II) oxide, NO, reacts with hydrogen, H2: (12 points)
2NO+H_2→N_2+H_2 O_2 slow
H_2 O_2+H_2→2H_2 O fast
Determine the overall reation.
Write the rate law expression for each elementary reaction.
Identify any intermediates.
Determine the overall rate law expression.
what is the volume of a gas at 50.0 degrees Celsius and 0.80 atm, if there are 0.75 moles of the gas present?
discuss the position of copper family or copper silver and gold in the periodic table
Determine the molality of each of the following solutions
a. 2.34 mol KCI in 2.300 L of solution
b. 0.56 H2SO4 in 2 L of solution
c. 20.45 g AI (NO3)3 in 2000 mL of solution
Calculate the mole fraction of the solute in the following solutions
a. 100g C2H6O in 100g H2O
b. 30% HCI solution by mass
Determine the type of bond in each pair of atoms. Which is the most polar bond? Least polar? Support your answers by calculating the electronegativity difference in each pair.
Cl - F, O - S, P - N, Na - Cl
The partial pressure of chlorine in a mixture of gases where the total pressure is 1.00 atm is 350 mmHg. What is the mole fraction of chlorine
