Organic Chemistry Answers

For the final section, use relevant information from the other sections of your handbook, to give a plan of a multi-step synthesis of

• ethyl ethanoate (CH3CO2CH2CH3), starting from ethanol and ethanal

• N-ethylacetamide (CH3CONHCH2CH3), starting from chloroethane and ethanoyl chloride

You will need to include reagents, reaction conditions and intermediate products involved in each step.

Ray accidentally mixed 100 mL of decanol, 100 mL phenol, and 5.00 g of benzoic  acid. Using a schematic diagram, show how the 3 compounds can be separated 

Calculate the entropy of a system having 6.9×10^10 microstates

What are spontaneous reactions? Give an example of a spontaneous reaction and state the criterion of spontaneity of reaction?

The handbook must next have a section on mechanisms, in which you will construct and analyze an example of each of the following reaction mechanism types:

• Addition e.g. aldehyde or ketone with HCN

• Substitution e.g. halogenoalkane with aqueous NaOH

• Elimination e.g. halogenoalkane with ethanolic NaOH

• Addition-elimination e.g. aldehyde or ketone with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

This section must explore and interpret the similarities and differences between each of the four mechanisms

192j of heat was supplied to a thermodynamic system and it's internal energy was found to decrease by 22J . calculate the amount of associated work and state whether the work was done by the system or done on the system.

Explain the following substituent effects on acidity.

(i)

Acetic acid pKa = 4.74

Chloroacetic acid pKa = 2.86

Dichloroacetic acid pKa = 1.26

(ii)

p-methoxy pKa = 4.46

m-nitro pKa = 3.47

p-nitro pKa = 3.41

Use ethanol to prepare CH3COOC2H5, an important commercial solvent.

Use the concept of charge delocalization by extended π bonding (resonance) to explain why

RCOOH (pKa5) is more acidic than ROH (pKa15).

The handbook must next have a section on mechanisms, in which you which will construct and analyse an example of each of the following reaction mechanism types:

• Addition e.g. aldehyde or ketone with HCN

• Substitution e.g. halogenoalkane with aqueous NaOH

• Elimination e.g. halogenoalkane with ethanolic NaOH

• Addition-elimination e.g. aldehyde or ketone with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine

This section must explore and interpret the similarities and differences between each of the four mechanisms.