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Calcium chloride is used to melt ice on roads. 


To determine how much calcium chloride has been used, you take a sample of slush from the road to analyze. 

You collect the following data: 


    Mass of empty container: 54.54 g 

    Mass of container and sample of slush: 160.65 g 


Then, you evaporate the water from the solution and determine the mass of the residue to be 3.29 g. What is the percent by mass of CaClin the slush that was collected? 


Is cyclobutene with two free radicals aromatic


How to prepare diphenylamine indicator stock solution

In some areas, drinking water is fluoridated to reduce tooth decay. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of fluoride ions in drinking water is 1.50 ppm.


In Dublin, California, a malfunction occurred in the fluoridation equipment caused fluoride levels to rise as high as 200 ppm. This resulted in many people becoming ill. 


During the malfunction, 673 kg of fluoride ions where injected into a storage tank of water. Given that the resulting concentration was 200 ppm, calculate the volume, in ML, of the water storage tank.


A fungus that grows on peanuts produces a deadly toxin. When ingested in large amounts, this toxin destroys the liver and can cause cancer. 


Any shipment of peanuts that contains more than 25 ppb of this dangerous fungus is rejected. A company receives 18 t of peanuts to make peanut butter. What is the maximum mass, in g, of fungus that is allowed? Hint 1 t = 1000 kg


To determine how much calcium chloride has been used, you take a sample of slush from the road to analyze. 

You collect the following data: 


    Mass of empty container: 54.54 g 

    Mass of container and sample of slush: 160.65 g 


Then, you evaporate the water from the solution and determine the mass of the residue to be 3.29 g. What is the percent by mass of CaClin the slush that was collected? 


A ground water analyst found that the concentration of lead (Pb) in the well near a village was 60 ppb. If 0.375 mg of lead were found in a sample, what would be the volume of the sample of well water in litres (L)?


is asked to calibrate a microscope and provided with both a stage micrometer and
an eyepiece (ocular) graticule.

The stage micrometer is marked off in a scale for 1mm and shows 10ths and 100ths.

a) How many micrometres are represented between a 10th division and the next? Show how you have arrived at your answer. (2 marks)









The student estimates that there are 47 ocular units to the full mm scale of the stage micrometer using the X4 objective lens for the particular microscope they are using.

Show how the student would calculate the value of 1 ocular division in micrometres to two decimal places.

 Consider the following species:   Which statement below is INCORRECT? (1) Ethanol promotes nucleophilic substitution reaction via the SN2 mechanism. (2) Ethoxide is a better nucleophile than ethanol. (3) Ethoxide promotes nucleophilic substitution reaction via the SN2 mechanism. (4) Ethanol and ethoxide can act as nucleophiles. 


Explain the reaction

3-pentanol reacting with H2SO4 under heat giving 3-pentene(75%). E2reactions and Zaitsev's rule