Biology Answers

Make brief notes to differentiate between protozoan phlya

• When an Hfr bacterial cell transfers its chromo- somal DNA into an F2 recipient cell, where in the chromosome does the transfer process begin? How long does it take to transfer the entire chro- mosome? Why does complete chromosome trans- fer happen only rarely?
• How does the process of transduction differ from that of transformation?

• How are antibiotic-resistance cassettes acquired by integrons? Once acquired, can they be lost?
• What role do antibiotic-resistance genes, trans- posable elements, and transmissible plasmids play in relation to certain pathogenic bacteria that are simultaneously resistant to multiple, chemically unrelated antibiotics?
• How could you distinguish between a bacterial strain that has the phenotype Lac1 and one that has the phenotype Lac2?
• How could you distinguish a Lac1 Amp-r bacterial strain from one that is Lac2 Amp-s? (Amp-r denotes resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin, and Amp-s denotes sensitivity.)
• How does the physical state of the F factor differ between an F1 bacterial cell and an Hfr bacterial cell?
• Is the F1 state of a bacterial cell infectious? Is the Hfr state infectious? Explain why or why not.

Nerve impulses

A hypothetical drug binds with calcium in the bloodstream, making it unavailable to cells. 

A.     Explain the cellular effect this would have on skeletal muscle cells    What would the implications be on bone, and what system/mechanism in the body will try to compensate for the lower levels of calcium. How would it do so?

Illustrate/Label Mitosis and Meiosis. Compare and Contrast both explaining Cell Division. Which is Asexual Reporduction and Sexual Reproduction? Why?

If pH>pl what’s the charge of

amino acid

Choose any pest, its host plant and review different cultural and biological management strategies (i.e., non-chemical methods of pest control).

Is Protein a Polymer?, does it contain a amino

group?, is it formed by hydrolysis?, is it an energy storage molecule?, is it

made up of a triglyceride?, is it one of the monomers that combines to form

starch? does it contain glycosidic bonds?