Answer to Question #164948 in Genetics for Sam

Question

Discuss the functional role of these nucleic acids in protein synthesis and the locations of each stage involved in protein synthesis. 

Answer 1

Protein synthesis takes place in two stages, that begins with the transcription of DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the message to be translated into a protein. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of the cell, during this stage, the antisense strand of DNA is converted into a single strand mRNA where Thymine bases are replaced with Uracil bases with the help of RNA polymerases II. The second stage is translation, where the mRNA strand is converted into amino acid sequences with the aid of tRNA, the rRNA (ribosomal RNA) binds the mRNA onto the tRNA to make sure the codons are correctly translated. The tRNA then reads the mRNA strand in 3s (codons) and transfers a corresponding amino acid to start the process of creating an amino acid sequence.