Intelligence tests assess specific cognitive abilities like reasoning and comprehension. Intelligence, on the other hand, is made up of a variety of abilities and ways of thinking that are influenced by heredity, environment, chances, and experiences. Because of the misconception that IQ tests indicate whether or not someone is "smart," too much emphasis is placed on a single score that does not account for all aspects of intellect. Different aspects of intelligence are dependent on the test taker's situation, and no single exam can cover all of them. Even tests with proven reliability and validity only assess a small number of cognitive abilities.
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Partial answer while I expect a complete one.
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