Answer to Question #208035 in Python for FORTUNE AIDOO

Question

In your assigned readings, you learned how inductive and deductive reasoning are used to answer questions about life. Briefly compare and contrast each type of reasoning as they apply to biological investigation. Which, if any, type of reasoning is best used to establish cause and effect relationships? Explain your rationale using one or more examples.

Answer 1

Reasoning is define as a the dimensions for a person to make sense of things to found & verify facts, To rationaly work through data, information, facts, and beliefs.

It is the process of making decisions and findings from facts or premises.

To put it plain and simple; it is the ability to logically think from perceived premise to a logical conclusion

There are two type of reasoning

Example in normal life

Example of deductive reasoning: All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is mortal. The premise "all men are mortal" is based on the observation that historically all humans die eventually. That is an inductive generalization.

Mainly it is also know that all apples are fruits, and a Granny Smith is an apple. Therefore, the Granny Smith has to be a fruit. This is an example of syllogism, a form ofdeductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is a type of logic where general statements, or premises, are used to form a specific conclusion.

In short

• What is (absolutely) true?- Deductive Reasoning:-
• What is observably (most) true?- Inductive Reasoning:

Biological Investigation

1. Inductive reasoning has its place in the scientific method. Scientists use it to form hypotheses and theories. Deductive reasoning allows them to apply the theories to specific situations.
2. For biological investigation mainly inductive reasoning are best method because it is base on facts ,data, eye observation .
3. The scientific method uses deduction to test hypotheses and theories. "In deductive inference, we hold a theory and based on it we make a prediction of its consequences. That is, we predict what the observation
4. During the laboratory quota of most Biology laboratories, you will be conducting experiments. Science proceeds by use of the experimental method. This hand out provides a summary of the steps that are used in pursuing scientific research. This general method is used not only in biology but in chemistry, physics, geology and other hard sciences.
5. To crease evidence about the biological world, we use two mechanisms: our sensory perception and our ability to reason. We can identify and count the types of trees in a forest with our eyes, we can identify birds in the rainforest canopy with our ears, and we can identify the presence of a skunk with our nose. Touch and taste help us experience the biological world as well. With the information we gather from our senses, we can make inferences using our reason and logic. For instance, you know that you see palm trees in tropical and subtropical regions and can infer that palm trees will not be found in central Maine because of the harshness of our winter.
6. Our aim allows us to make predictions about the natural world. Scientists attempt to predict and perhaps control future events based on present and past knowledge. The ability to make accurate predictions hinges on the seven steps of the Scientific Method.

example in biological experiment

Step 1. Make observations

Step 2. Form a hypothesis- inductive reasoning is used

Step 3. Make a prediction

Step 4. Perform an experiment.

Step 5. Analyze the results of the experiment.

Step 6. Draw a conclusion.

Step 7. Report your results