1) $A$1 - it is an absolute reference to cell A1.
For example, let the number 2 be written in cell A1. Column A contains numbers from 1 to 5, and the values in column B will be obtained by multiplying the left cell by 2. Then we write the formula "=$A$1*A3" and stretch down. It can be seen that the second factor is changing, and the first is unchanged.
2) $A1 - it is a relative column reference. That is, when you drag through the entered formula, only the row number will change, and the column will be constant.
3) A$1 -it is a relative string reference. That is, when you drag through the entered formula, only the column number will change, and the line number will be constant.
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