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Explain what is meant by a Programming Paradigm and the main characteristics of Procedural, Object oriented and Event-driven paradigms and the relationships among them. Write small snippets of code as example for the above three programming paradigms using a suitable programming language(s). you also need to critically evaluate the code samples that you have given above in relation to their structure and the unique characteristics.

3 Given the relations R (A, B) and S (B, C) where values are all integers. Examine the undermentioned three relational algebra expressions: a. A, C(R⋈B=1S) b. A(B = 1R)XC(B = 1S) c. A, C (ARXB = 1S) Two of the three expressions are equivalent (i.e., they produce the same answer on all databases), while one of them can produce a different answer. 2.3.1 Which query can produce a contrasting answer? Give the simplest database instance you can think of where a different answer is produced. (5) 2.3.2 Why do we care that the expressions are equivalent? (5) 2.3.3 How can we determine that the expressions are equivalent? 

2.3.3 How can we determine that the expressions are equivalent?

2.3.2 Why do we care that the expressions are equivalent?

2.3.1 Which query can produce a contrasting answer? Give the simplest database instance you can think of where a different answer is produced.

1.2 SELECT and RETURN all students with qualification HCIT from relations STUDENTS X BOOKS.

If we apply the cross-product operation to these two instances of STUDENTS & BOOKS, what would be the resulting relation?

Develop an Institution management system (based on VB.NET platform) linked with Microsoft Access Database as infrastructural support. The primary purpose of this application is to automate students, modules, staff’s information and other data resources.

First record in transaction file is read

2

First record in the old master file

is read

3

REPEAT

4

IDs are compared

5

IF IDs do not match, old master file record is written to new master file

6

IF IDs match transaction/calculation is carried out

7

Computer calculates the pay, Rate (from master file) mul

tiplied by

hours worked

(from transaction file)

8

Wages_to_date is updated and record is written to new master file

9

IF IDs match, next record from transaction file is read

10

Next record from master file is read

11

U

NTIL end of transaction file

12

Remaining records of the master file are written to the new master file