Which one of the following articulations of Zhao’s (2017) thesis on the difference between Chinese and Western Aid in Africa is incorrect? (Please refer to e-reserve)
1.
The ‘soft power’ approach adopted by the Chinese is less politically interventionist than that of the West.
2.
Chinese aid in Africa is centred on state-driven investments in infrastructural development rather than financial investments in the private sector, which characterised western aid.
3.
Chinese NGOs play a pivotal role in development planning and coordination and involve a higher degree of participation amongst civil society stakeholders in Africa compared to those of the West.
4.
Chinese development projects in Africa have not been entirely successful and has not established the foundations for sustainable development.
5.
Unlike programmes designed and implemented by the West, those initiated by the Chinese are more grounded in African realities that take local needs into consideration.
5.
Unlike programmes designed and implemented by the West, those initiated by the Chinese are more grounded in African realities that take local needs into consideration.
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