Which one of the following options is not a core tenet of Matunhu’s (2011) critique of modernization? (Refer to e-reserve)
1.
All of the options reflect Matunhu's core tenets.
2.
It is largely untrue, as modernisation theorists suggest, that the ability of a country to adapt to structural changes determines the speed at which they advance towards modernisation.
3.
The justification for modernizing the African continent was predicated on the fundamental belief that ‘African society’ was inherently primitive and lacked technological advancement and innovation.
4.
Walter Rodney’s (1972) work on ‘How Europe Underdeveloped Africa’challenges the claim made by the metropole that pre-colonial African societies lacked technological advancement and social organisation.
5.
African economies do not neatly fit into the categories outlined in Rostow’s linear theory of development.
Option 3 is correct.
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