7. In the Helium-Neon laser, lasing occurs between two excited states of the neon atom. However, in many lasers lasing occurs between the ground state and an excited state. Consider
such a laser that emits at wavelength λ = 550 nm. If a population inversion is not generated,
(i) what is the ratio of the population of atoms in state Ex to the population in the ground
state E0 with atoms at room temperature? For the condition in (i), at (ii) what temperature
would the ratio Nx/N0 be 1/2?.
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