Answer to Question #101718 in Atomic and Nuclear Physics for Elizabeth Adewale

Question

1 (a) With appropriate diagram(s), describe the X-ray circuit stating the functions of its components
(b) During a diagnostic x-ray examination a 1.5kg portion of a broken leg receives an equivalent dose of 0.55 mSv.
2(i). What is the equivalent dose in mrem?
(ii). What is the absorbed dose in mrad and mGy?
(iii). If the x-ray energy is 60 keV, how many x-ray photons are are absorbed

Answer 1

1 (a)

X-ray is created by taking energy from electrons and converting it into photons with appropriate energies. This energy conversion takes place within the x-ray tube. In this way, an x-ray tube is an energy converter.

2(i). What is the equivalent dose in mrem?

1 rem= 0.010 Sv

X mrem =0.55 mSv

55 mrem

Answer

55 mrem

2(ii). What is the absorbed dose in mrad and mGy?

The equivalent dose H is given by formula

$H=D\times {Q} (1)$

Where D is the absorbed dose, Q is quality factor

For x-ray: Q=1

In our case, we have H=0.55 mSv

Using (1) we get

D=0.55 mGy

1 rad=0.010 Gy

D= 55 mrad

Answer

0.55 mGy, 55 mrad

(iii). If the x-ray energy is 60 keV, how many x-ray photons are are absorbed

The absorbed dose D is given by formula

$D=\frac{E}{m} (2)$

Where E is the energy, m is the mass

In our case, we have D=0.55 mGy, m=1.5 kg

Using (2) we get

E=0.825×10^-3 J

The energy of x-photon is equal to

W=60×10³×1.6×10^-19=96×10^-16 J

The number of photons is equal to

$\frac{E}{W}$ = 8.59×10¹⁰

Answer

8.59×10¹⁰