Briefly discuss McLaughlin's point of view regarding minimal and maximal interpretations of citizenship
In 1992, Terrence McLaughlin introduced the concepts of minimal and maximal interpretations of education for citizenship, and attempted to distinguish the two. Under the minimal approach, citizenship and education for citizenship is presented in an exclusively knowledge-based manner. Under this approach, a learner’s broad critical reflection or understanding is not fostered or stimulated. Under the maximal approach, citizenship and education for citizenship is characterized by an emphasis on active learning and inclusion. Learners are allowed to develop and articulate own opinions and engage in critical and reflective debates. Therefore, an individual’s conception of citizenship is static under the minimal approach and dynamic under the maximal approach.
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