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Show, by the use of replacement rules, that (-p ^ q) ^ (q→p) = F

 are logically equivalent.




  1. Show, by the use of the truth table/matrix, that the statement  is a tautology.

Show, by the use of the truth table (truth matrix), that the is a contradiction.

                                       ( pvq ) へ [ ( -p ) へ ( -q ) ]



Show that  -p > (q → r) and q → (p V r) are logically equivalent.



Symbolize the following by using qualifiers, predicates and logical connectives.


  1. All rational numbers are real numbers.
  2. some rational numbers are integers.
  3. some even numbers are multiplied of two four and five.
  4. some triangles are scalene.
  5. every integer is multiple of 10 if and only if it is a mulple of 5 and 2.

Let R be the relation on the set A = {a, b, c, d, e, f} and

R = {(a,a), (a,c ), (b,a ), (b b), (c,b), (c,c), (d,d), (d,c)}

Obtain transitive closure of R using Warshall’s algorithm.


D. Write in the form " if p then q", then write converse, inverse and contra positive of each of the following implications.


  1. it is necessary to do your homework to get a passing grade.
  2. if you read your lesson everyday, you will pass all your courses.

Express each of these propositions as an English sentence:


  1. -p
  2. p v q
  3. p ^ q
  4. p arrow left p
  5. p arrow right and left q

C. Let p and q be propositions


p: 4 is a rational number

q: √3 is an irrational number


write the negation of these propositions


  1. Today is Monday
  2. The air in Naic Cavite is hot and polluted.
  3. Summer in Davao is hot and sunny.
  4. 2 + 1 > 5
  5. it is hot.
  6. X + y = 4
  7. 7. sierra madre mountains are denuded.
  8. a x b > 6
  9. it's raining in August.
  10. it is cold in December