Answer on Question #50258 – Math – Complex Analysis
Use Cauchy Integral Formula to evaluate
Integral on Curve [ e ^ (z+1) ] / [ {(z-i) ( z^2 + (i-1)z-i) }^3 ]
Note : 1)) please the figure is close curve I cannot paint it by writing but these points (3i,i,-i,-2i,-1) inside the figure if you need it when find the singularity inside the curve
2)) Also I need all singularity ( then sure only if inside curve i need all one with the working of cauchy integral , then plus it to find the total integral
Solution
∮ C e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i ) 3 d z , \oint_{C} \frac{e^{z+1}}{(z-i)(z^2+(i-1)z-i)^3} dz, ∮ C ( z − i ) ( z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i ) 3 e z + 1 d z ,
where C C C – closed curve.
Let us find singularities:
Numerator hasn't finite zeros. Denominator certainly has some, so let's find them.
Consider
z − i = 0 z - i = 0 z − i = 0 z 1 = i z_1 = i z 1 = i
Consider
( z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i ) 3 = 0 (z^2 + (i-1)z - i)^3 = 0 ( z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i ) 3 = 0 z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i = 0 z^2 + (i-1)z - i = 0 z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i = 0
Due to the Vieta's formulas:
z 2 + z 3 = − i − 1 1 = 1 − i z_2 + z_3 = -\frac{i-1}{1} = 1 - i z 2 + z 3 = − 1 i − 1 = 1 − i z 2 z 3 = − i 1 = − i z_2 z_3 = -\frac{i}{1} = -i z 2 z 3 = − 1 i = − i
It's obvious now that
z 2 = 1 z_2 = 1 z 2 = 1 z 3 = − i z_3 = -i z 3 = − i
As we said, numerator hasn't finite zeros, also z 1 ≠ z 2 ≠ z 3 z_1 \neq z_2 \neq z_3 z 1 = z 2 = z 3 , thus, zeros 1 and -i of denominator are nothing else, but poles of order 3, zero I of denominator is simple pole (pole of order 1)
n ! 2 π i ∮ C f ( z ) ( z − a ) n + 1 d z = f ( n ) ( a ) \frac{n!}{2\pi i} \oint_{C} \frac{f(z)}{(z-a)^{n+1}} dz = f^{(n)}(a) 2 πi n ! ∮ C ( z − a ) n + 1 f ( z ) d z = f ( n ) ( a )
is called Cauchy's integral formula,
hence
∮ C f ( z ) ( z − a ) n + 1 d z = 2 π i n ! f ( n ) ( a ) \oint_{C} \frac{f(z)}{(z - a)^{n+1}} dz = \frac{2\pi i}{n!} f^{(n)}(a) ∮ C ( z − a ) n + 1 f ( z ) d z = n ! 2 πi f ( n ) ( a )
If region enclosed with a curve contains more than one singularity, we split up area/curve into parts, which contain each only one singularity. Let the singularity 1 is not included in the region.
Trigonometric form of complex number (angle between − π -\pi − π and π \pi π ):
i + i = 2 i = 2 ( cos ( π 2 ) + isin ( π 2 ) ) , i + i = 2i = 2\left(\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\right), i + i = 2 i = 2 ( cos ( 2 π ) + isin ( 2 π ) ) , i − 1 = 2 ( − 1 2 + i 1 2 ) = 2 ( cos ( 3 π 4 ) + isin ( 3 π 4 ) ) i - 1 = \sqrt{2}\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} + i\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\right) = \sqrt{2}\left(\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(\frac{3\pi}{4}\right)\right) i − 1 = 2 ( − 2 1 + i 2 1 ) = 2 ( cos ( 4 3 π ) + isin ( 4 3 π ) ) ( i − 1 ) 3 = 2 3 / 2 ( cos ( 3 π ⋅ 3 4 ) + isin ( 3 π ⋅ 3 4 ) ) = 2 2 ( cos ( 9 π 4 ) + isin ( 9 π 4 ) ) = 2 2 ( cos ( π 4 ) + isin ( π 4 ) ) = 2 2 ⋅ 1 + i 2 = 2 + 2 i \begin{aligned}
(i - 1)^3 &= 2^{3/2}\left(\cos\left(\frac{3\pi \cdot 3}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(\frac{3\pi \cdot 3}{4}\right)\right) = 2\sqrt{2}\left(\cos\left(\frac{9\pi}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(\frac{9\pi}{4}\right)\right) \\
&= 2\sqrt{2}\left(\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right) = 2\sqrt{2} \cdot \frac{1 + i}{\sqrt{2}} = 2 + 2i
\end{aligned} ( i − 1 ) 3 = 2 3/2 ( cos ( 4 3 π ⋅ 3 ) + isin ( 4 3 π ⋅ 3 ) ) = 2 2 ( cos ( 4 9 π ) + isin ( 4 9 π ) ) = 2 2 ( cos ( 4 π ) + isin ( 4 π ) ) = 2 2 ⋅ 2 1 + i = 2 + 2 i
By Euler formula, e i + 1 = e ⋅ e i = e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 ) ) e^{i+1} = e \cdot e^i = e(\cos(1) + \operatorname{isin}(1)) e i + 1 = e ⋅ e i = e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 ))
For z = i z = i z = i we have f ( z ) = e z + 1 ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 f(z) = \frac{e^{z+1}}{(z+i)^3(z-1)^3} f ( z ) = ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 , n = 1 , a = i n = 1, a = i n = 1 , a = i ,
∮ C 1 e z + 1 ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 z − i d z = 2 π i f ( i ) = 2 π i e i + 1 ( i + i ) 3 ( i − 1 ) 3 = 2 π i e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 ) ) 2 3 ( cos ( 3 π 2 ) + isin ( 3 π 2 ) ) ⋅ 2 3 2 ( cos ( 3 π 4 ) + isin ( 3 π 4 ) ) = 2 π i e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 ) ) ( cos ( − 3 π 2 − 3 π 4 ) + isin ( − 3 π 2 − 3 π 4 ) ) 2 3 2 3 2 = 2 π i e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 ) ) ( cos ( − 9 π 4 ) + isin ( − 9 π 4 ) ) 2 3 2 3 2 = 2 π i e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 ) ) ( cos ( − π 4 ) + isin ( − π 4 ) ) 2 3 2 3 2 = 2 π i e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 ) ) ( 1 − i ) 2 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 = π e 1 + i 1 + i 16 \begin{aligned}
&\oint_{C_1} \frac{\frac{e^{z+1}}{(z+i)^3(z-1)^3}}{z - i} dz = 2\pi i f(i) = 2\pi i \frac{e^{i+1}}{(i+i)^3(i-1)^3} \\
&= 2\pi i \frac{e(\cos(1) + \operatorname{isin}(1))}{2^3\left(\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)\right) \cdot 2^{\frac{3}{2}} \left(\cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(\frac{3\pi}{4}\right)\right)} \\
&= 2\pi i \frac{e(\cos(1) + \operatorname{isin}(1)) \left(\cos\left(-\frac{3\pi}{2} - \frac{3\pi}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(-\frac{3\pi}{2} - \frac{3\pi}{4}\right)\right)}{2^3 2^{\frac{3}{2}}} \\
&= 2\pi i \frac{e(\cos(1) + \operatorname{isin}(1)) \left(\cos\left(-\frac{9\pi}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(-\frac{9\pi}{4}\right)\right)}{2^3 2^{\frac{3}{2}}} \\
&= 2\pi i \frac{e(\cos(1) + \operatorname{isin}(1)) \left(\cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{4}\right) + \operatorname{isin}\left(-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)\right)}{2^3 2^{\frac{3}{2}}} \\
&= 2\pi i \frac{e(\cos(1) + \operatorname{isin}(1)) (1 - i)}{2^3 2^{\frac{3}{2}} 2^{\frac{1}{2}}} = \pi e^{1+i} \frac{1 + i}{16}
\end{aligned} ∮ C 1 z − i ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 d z = 2 πi f ( i ) = 2 πi ( i + i ) 3 ( i − 1 ) 3 e i + 1 = 2 πi 2 3 ( cos ( 2 3 π ) + isin ( 2 3 π ) ) ⋅ 2 2 3 ( cos ( 4 3 π ) + isin ( 4 3 π ) ) e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 )) = 2 πi 2 3 2 2 3 e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 )) ( cos ( − 2 3 π − 4 3 π ) + isin ( − 2 3 π − 4 3 π ) ) = 2 πi 2 3 2 2 3 e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 )) ( cos ( − 4 9 π ) + isin ( − 4 9 π ) ) = 2 πi 2 3 2 2 3 e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 )) ( cos ( − 4 π ) + isin ( − 4 π ) ) = 2 πi 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 1 e ( cos ( 1 ) + isin ( 1 )) ( 1 − i ) = π e 1 + i 16 1 + i
For z = − i z = -i z = − i we have f ( z ) = e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 f(z) = \frac{e^{z+1}}{(z-i)(z-1)^3} f ( z ) = ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 , n = 2 , a = − i n = 2, a = -i n = 2 , a = − i
∮ C 2 e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ( z + i ) 3 d z = 2 π i 2 f ∗ ( − i ) = π i f ∗ ( − i ) = π e 1 − i 19 i − 27 16 . \oint_{C_2} \frac{\frac{e^{z+1}}{(z-i)(z-1)^3}}{(z+i)^3} dz = \frac{2\pi i}{2} f^*(-i) = \pi i f^*(-i) = \pi e^{1-i} \frac{19i - 27}{16}. ∮ C 2 ( z + i ) 3 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 d z = 2 2 πi f ∗ ( − i ) = πi f ∗ ( − i ) = π e 1 − i 16 19 i − 27 . Method 1.
f ∗ ( z ) = ( e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ) ′ = ( e z + 1 ) ∗ ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − e z + 1 ( ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ) ∗ ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 6 e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − 3 ( z − 1 ) 2 ( z − i ) − ( z − 1 ) 3 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 6 = e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) − 3 ( z − i ) − ( z − 1 ) ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 = e z + 1 z 2 − z − i z + i − 3 z + 3 i − z + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 = e z + 1 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 \begin{aligned}
f^*(z) = \left(\frac{e^{z+1}}{(z-i)(z-1)^3}\right)' &= \frac{(e^{z+1})^*(z-i)(z-1)^3 - e^{z+1}((z-i)(z-1)^3)^*(z-i)^2(z-1)^6}{e^{z+1} \frac{(z-i)(z-1)^3 - 3(z-1)^2(z-i) - (z-1)^3}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^6}} \\
&= e^{z+1} \frac{(z-i)(z-1) - 3(z-i) - (z-1)}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4} \\
&= e^{z+1} \frac{z^2 - z - iz + i - 3z + 3i - z + 1}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4} = e^{z+1} \frac{z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4}
\end{aligned} f ∗ ( z ) = ( ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 ) ′ = e z + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 6 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − 3 ( z − 1 ) 2 ( z − i ) − ( z − 1 ) 3 ( e z + 1 ) ∗ ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − e z + 1 (( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ) ∗ ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 6 = e z + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) − 3 ( z − i ) − ( z − 1 ) = e z + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − z − i z + i − 3 z + 3 i − z + 1 = e z + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 f ∗ ( z ) = ( e z + 1 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 ) ′ = ( e z + 1 ) ′ z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 + e z + 1 ( z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 ) ′ = e z + 1 ( z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 + ( 2 z − 5 − i ) ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 − ( z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ) [ 2 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 4 + 4 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 ] ( z − i ) 4 ( z − 1 ) 8 = e z + 1 ( z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 + ( 2 z − 5 − i ) ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) − ( z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ) [ 2 ( z − 1 ) + 4 ( z − i ) ] ( z − i ) 4 ( z − 1 ) 8 \begin{aligned}
f^*(z) = \left(e^{z+1} \frac{z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4}\right)' \\
= (e^{z+1})' \frac{z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4} + e^{z+1} \left(\frac{z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4}\right)' \\
= e^{z+1} \left(\frac{z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4}\right. \\
+ \frac{(2z - 5 - i)(z-i)^2(z-1)^4 - (z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1)[2(z - i)(z-1)^4 + 4(z - i)^2(z-1)^3]}{(z - i)^4(z-1)^8} \\
= e^{z+1} \left(\frac{z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1}{(z-i)^2(z-1)^4}\right. \\
+ \frac{(2z - 5 - i)(z - i)(z - 1) - (z^2 - (5 + i)z + 4i + 1)[2(z - 1) + 4(z - i)]}{(z - i)^4(z-1)^8}
\end{aligned} f ∗ ( z ) = ( e z + 1 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ) ′ = ( e z + 1 ) ′ ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 + e z + 1 ( ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ) ′ = e z + 1 ( ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 + ( z − i ) 4 ( z − 1 ) 8 ( 2 z − 5 − i ) ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 − ( z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ) [ 2 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 4 + 4 ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 ] = e z + 1 ( ( z − i ) 2 ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 + ( z − i ) 4 ( z − 1 ) 8 ( 2 z − 5 − i ) ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) − ( z 2 − ( 5 + i ) z + 4 i + 1 ) [ 2 ( z − 1 ) + 4 ( z − i )] Method 2.
1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 = A z − i + B ( z − 1 ) 3 + C ( z − 1 ) 2 + D z − 1 = A ( z − 1 ) 3 + B ( z − i ) + C ( z − 1 ) ( z − i ) + D ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 2 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 \begin{aligned}
\frac{1}{(z-i)(z-1)^3} &= \frac{A}{z-i} + \frac{B}{(z-1)^3} + \frac{C}{(z-1)^2} + \frac{D}{z-1} \\
&= \frac{A(z-1)^3 + B(z-i) + C(z-1)(z-i) + D(z-i)(z-1)^2}{(z-i)(z-1)^3}
\end{aligned} ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 1 = z − i A + ( z − 1 ) 3 B + ( z − 1 ) 2 C + z − 1 D = ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 A ( z − 1 ) 3 + B ( z − i ) + C ( z − 1 ) ( z − i ) + D ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 2
Equate the left-hand and the right-hand sides of the previous equalities.
If z = 1 z = 1 z = 1 then B ( 1 − i ) = 1 B(1 - i) = 1 B ( 1 − i ) = 1 , hence B = 1 1 − i = 1 + i ( 1 − i ) ( 1 + i ) = 1 + i 1 − i 2 = 1 + i 1 + 1 = 1 + i 2 B = \frac{1}{1-i} = \frac{1+i}{(1-i)(1+i)} = \frac{1+i}{1-i^2} = \frac{1+i}{1+1} = \frac{1+i}{2} B = 1 − i 1 = ( 1 − i ) ( 1 + i ) 1 + i = 1 − i 2 1 + i = 1 + 1 1 + i = 2 1 + i
If z = i z = i z = i then A ( i − 1 ) 3 = 1 A(i - 1)^3 = 1 A ( i − 1 ) 3 = 1 , hence
A = 1 ( i − 1 ) 3 = ( i + 1 ) 3 ( i 2 − 1 ) 3 = i 3 + 3 i 2 + 3 i + 1 ( − 2 ) 3 = i 2 ⋅ i + 3 ⋅ ( − 1 ) + 3 i + 1 − 8 = 3 i − i + 1 − 3 − 8 = 2 i − 2 − 8 = 1 − i 4 A = \frac{1}{(i-1)^3} = \frac{(i+1)^3}{(i^2 - 1)^3} = \frac{i^3 + 3i^2 + 3i + 1}{(-2)^3} = \frac{i^2 \cdot i + 3 \cdot (-1) + 3i + 1}{-8} = \frac{3i - i + 1 - 3}{-8} = \frac{2i - 2}{-8} = \frac{1 - i}{4} A = ( i − 1 ) 3 1 = ( i 2 − 1 ) 3 ( i + 1 ) 3 = ( − 2 ) 3 i 3 + 3 i 2 + 3 i + 1 = − 8 i 2 ⋅ i + 3 ⋅ ( − 1 ) + 3 i + 1 = − 8 3 i − i + 1 − 3 = − 8 2 i − 2 = 4 1 − i
Consider 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − A z − i − B ( z − 1 ) 3 = C ( z − 1 ) 2 + D z − 1 \frac{1}{(z-i)(z-1)^3} - \frac{A}{z-i} - \frac{B}{(z-1)^3} = \frac{C}{(z-1)^2} + \frac{D}{z-1} ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 1 − z − i A − ( z − 1 ) 3 B = ( z − 1 ) 2 C + z − 1 D ,
1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − 1 − i 4 ( z − i ) − 1 + i 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 = C ( z − 1 ) 2 + D z − 1 \frac{1}{(z-i)(z-1)^3} - \frac{1 - i}{4(z-i)} - \frac{1 + i}{2(z-1)^3} = \frac{C}{(z-1)^2} + \frac{D}{z-1} ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 1 − 4 ( z − i ) 1 − i − 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 1 + i = ( z − 1 ) 2 C + z − 1 D 4 − ( 1 − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − 2 ( 1 + i ) ( z − i ) 4 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 = 4 C ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) + 4 D ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 2 4 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 , \frac{4 - (1 - i)(z - 1)^3 - 2(1 + i)(z - i)}{4(z - i)(z - 1)^3} = \frac{4C(z - i)(z - 1) + 4D(z - i)(z - 1)^2}{4(z - i)(z - 1)^3}, 4 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 4 − ( 1 − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 − 2 ( 1 + i ) ( z − i ) = 4 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 4 C ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) + 4 D ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 2 ,
hence
4 − ( 1 − i ) ( z 3 − 3 z 2 + 3 z − 1 ) − 2 ( 1 + i ) ( z − i ) = 4 C ( z 2 − ( 1 + i ) z + i ) + 4 D ( z − i ) ( z 2 − 2 z + 1 ) , ( i − 1 ) z 3 + ( 3 − 3 i ) z 2 + ( ( 3 i − 3 ) − 2 ( 1 + i ) ) z + 1 − i + 4 + 2 i + 2 i 2 = 4 C z 2 − 4 C ( 1 + i ) z + 4 C i + 4 D ( z 3 − 2 z 2 + z − i z 2 + 2 i z − i ) , ( i − 1 ) z 3 + ( 3 − 3 i ) z 2 + ( i − 5 ) z + 3 + i = 4 D z 3 + ( 4 C − 8 D − 4 D i ) z 2 + ( − 4 C ( 1 + i ) + 4 D + 8 D i ) z + 4 C i − 4 D i , \begin{array}{l}
4 - (1 - i) (z ^ {3} - 3 z ^ {2} + 3 z - 1) - 2 (1 + i) (z - i) = 4 C (z ^ {2} - (1 + i) z + i) + 4 D (z - i) (z ^ {2} - 2 z + 1), \\
(i - 1) z ^ {3} + (3 - 3 i) z ^ {2} + ((3 i - 3) - 2 (1 + i)) z + 1 - i + 4 + 2 i + 2 i ^ {2} = 4 C z ^ {2} - 4 C (1 + i) z + 4 C i + 4 D (z ^ {3} - 2 z ^ {2} + z - i z ^ {2} + 2 i z - i), \\
(i - 1) z ^ {3} + (3 - 3 i) z ^ {2} + (i - 5) z + 3 + i = 4 D z ^ {3} + (4 C - 8 D - 4 D i) z ^ {2} + (- 4 C (1 + i) + 4 D + 8 D i) z + 4 C i - 4 D i,
\end{array} 4 − ( 1 − i ) ( z 3 − 3 z 2 + 3 z − 1 ) − 2 ( 1 + i ) ( z − i ) = 4 C ( z 2 − ( 1 + i ) z + i ) + 4 D ( z − i ) ( z 2 − 2 z + 1 ) , ( i − 1 ) z 3 + ( 3 − 3 i ) z 2 + (( 3 i − 3 ) − 2 ( 1 + i )) z + 1 − i + 4 + 2 i + 2 i 2 = 4 C z 2 − 4 C ( 1 + i ) z + 4 C i + 4 D ( z 3 − 2 z 2 + z − i z 2 + 2 i z − i ) , ( i − 1 ) z 3 + ( 3 − 3 i ) z 2 + ( i − 5 ) z + 3 + i = 4 D z 3 + ( 4 C − 8 D − 4 D i ) z 2 + ( − 4 C ( 1 + i ) + 4 D + 8 D i ) z + 4 C i − 4 D i ,
hence 4 D = i − 1 4D = i - 1 4 D = i − 1 , 4 C − 8 D − 4 D i = 3 − 3 i 4C - 8D - 4Di = 3 - 3i 4 C − 8 D − 4 D i = 3 − 3 i , − 4 C ( 1 + i ) + 4 D + 8 D i = i − 5 -4C(1 + i) + 4D + 8Di = i - 5 − 4 C ( 1 + i ) + 4 D + 8 D i = i − 5 , 4 C i − 4 D i = 3 + i 4Ci - 4Di = 3 + i 4 C i − 4 D i = 3 + i
Solve for D = i − 1 4 D = \frac{i - 1}{4} D = 4 i − 1 , substitute into other expressions: 4 C − 2 i + 2 − i ( i − 1 ) = 3 − 3 i 4C - 2i + 2 - i(i - 1) = 3 - 3i 4 C − 2 i + 2 − i ( i − 1 ) = 3 − 3 i , − 4 C ( 1 + i ) + i − 1 + i ( 2 i − 2 ) = i − 5 -4C(1 + i) + i - 1 + i(2i - 2) = i - 5 − 4 C ( 1 + i ) + i − 1 + i ( 2 i − 2 ) = i − 5 , 4 C i − i ( i − 1 ) = i + 3 4Ci - i(i - 1) = i + 3 4 C i − i ( i − 1 ) = i + 3 .
Simplify these expressions: 4 C − i + 3 = 3 − 3 i 4C - i + 3 = 3 - 3i 4 C − i + 3 = 3 − 3 i , − 4 C ( 1 + i ) − i − 3 = i − 5 -4C(1 + i) - i - 3 = i - 5 − 4 C ( 1 + i ) − i − 3 = i − 5 , 4 C i + i + 1 = i + 3 4Ci + i + 1 = i + 3 4 C i + i + 1 = i + 3 , so C = − i 2 C = -\frac{i}{2} C = − 2 i , check 2 i ( 1 + i ) − i − 3 = i − 5 2i(1 + i) - i - 3 = i - 5 2 i ( 1 + i ) − i − 3 = i − 5 , − 2 i 2 + i + 1 = i + 3 -2i^2 + i + 1 = i + 3 − 2 i 2 + i + 1 = i + 3 , which also hold true.
Thus,
A = 1 − i 4 , B = 1 + i 2 , C = − i 2 , D = i − 1 4 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 = A z − i + B ( z − 1 ) 3 + C ( z − 1 ) 2 + D z − 1 = = 1 + i 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 − i 2 ( z − 1 ) 2 + i − 1 4 ( z − 1 ) + 1 − i 4 ( z − i ) \begin{array}{l}
A = \frac {1 - i}{4}, B = \frac {1 + i}{2}, C = - \frac {i}{2}, D = \frac {i - 1}{4} \\
\frac {1}{(z - i) (z - 1) ^ {3}} = \frac {A}{z - i} + \frac {B}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} + \frac {C}{(z - 1) ^ {2}} + \frac {D}{z - 1} = \\
= \frac {1 + i}{2 (z - 1) ^ {3}} - \frac {i}{2 (z - 1) ^ {2}} + \frac {i - 1}{4 (z - 1)} + \frac {1 - i}{4 (z - i)} \\
\end{array} A = 4 1 − i , B = 2 1 + i , C = − 2 i , D = 4 i − 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 1 = z − i A + ( z − 1 ) 3 B + ( z − 1 ) 2 C + z − 1 D = = 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 1 + i − 2 ( z − 1 ) 2 i + 4 ( z − 1 ) i − 1 + 4 ( z − i ) 1 − i
Trigonometric form of complex number (angle between − π -\pi − π and π \pi π ):
− i − 1 = 2 ( − 1 2 − i 1 2 ) = 2 ( cos ( − 3 π 4 ) + i sin ( − 3 π 4 ) ) , - i - 1 = \sqrt {2} \left(- \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}} - i \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}\right) = \sqrt {2} \left(\cos \left(- \frac {3 \pi}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(- \frac {3 \pi}{4}\right)\right), − i − 1 = 2 ( − 2 1 − i 2 1 ) = 2 ( cos ( − 4 3 π ) + i sin ( − 4 3 π ) ) ,
hence
( − i − 1 ) − 5 = 2 − 5 2 ( cos ( 3 π ⋅ 5 4 ) + i sin ( 3 π ⋅ 5 4 ) ) = 1 4 2 ( cos ( 15 π 4 ) + i sin ( 15 π 4 ) ) = = 1 4 2 ( cos ( − π 4 ) + i sin ( − π 4 ) ) = 1 4 2 ( 1 2 − i 1 2 ) = 1 − i 16 , \begin{array}{l}
(- i - 1) ^ {- 5} = 2 ^ {- \frac {5}{2}} \left(\cos \left(\frac {3 \pi \cdot 5}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {3 \pi \cdot 5}{4}\right)\right) = \frac {1}{4 \sqrt {2}} \left(\cos \left(\frac {1 5 \pi}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {1 5 \pi}{4}\right)\right) = \\
= \frac {1}{4 \sqrt {2}} \left(\cos \left(- \frac {\pi}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(- \frac {\pi}{4}\right)\right) = \frac {1}{4 \sqrt {2}} \left(\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}} - i \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}\right) = \frac {1 - i}{1 6}, \\
\end{array} ( − i − 1 ) − 5 = 2 − 2 5 ( cos ( 4 3 π ⋅ 5 ) + i sin ( 4 3 π ⋅ 5 ) ) = 4 2 1 ( cos ( 4 15 π ) + i sin ( 4 15 π ) ) = = 4 2 1 ( cos ( − 4 π ) + i sin ( − 4 π ) ) = 4 2 1 ( 2 1 − i 2 1 ) = 16 1 − i , ( − i − 1 ) − 4 = 2 − 4 2 ( cos ( 3 π ) + i sin ( 3 π ) ) = 1 4 ( cos ( π ) + i sin ( π ) ) = − 1 4 , ( − i − 1 ) − 3 = 2 − 3 2 ( cos ( 3 π ⋅ 3 4 ) + i sin ( 3 π ⋅ 3 4 ) ) = 1 2 2 ( cos ( 9 π 4 ) + i sin ( 9 π 4 ) ) = 1 2 2 ( cos ( π 4 ) + i sin ( π 4 ) ) = 1 2 2 ( 1 2 + i 1 2 ) = i + 1 4 , ( − i − 1 ) − 2 = 2 − 2 2 ( cos ( 3 π ⋅ 2 4 ) + i sin ( 3 π ⋅ 2 4 ) ) = 1 2 ( cos ( 6 π 4 ) + i sin ( 6 π 4 ) ) = \begin{array}{l}
(- i - 1) ^ {- 4} = 2 ^ {- \frac {4}{2}} \left(\cos (3 \pi) + i \sin (3 \pi)\right) = \frac {1}{4} \left(\cos (\pi) + i \sin (\pi)\right) = - \frac {1}{4}, \\
(- i - 1) ^ {- 3} = 2 ^ {- \frac {3}{2}} \left(\cos \left(\frac {3 \pi \cdot 3}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {3 \pi \cdot 3}{4}\right)\right) = \frac {1}{2 \sqrt {2}} \left(\cos \left(\frac {9 \pi}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {9 \pi}{4}\right)\right) = \\
\frac {1}{2 \sqrt {2}} \left(\cos \left(\frac {\pi}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {\pi}{4}\right)\right) = \frac {1}{2 \sqrt {2}} \left(\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}} + i \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}\right) = \frac {i + 1}{4}, \\
(- i - 1) ^ {- 2} = 2 ^ {- \frac {2}{2}} \left(\cos \left(\frac {3 \pi \cdot 2}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {3 \pi \cdot 2}{4}\right)\right) = \frac {1}{2} \left(\cos \left(\frac {6 \pi}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {6 \pi}{4}\right)\right) = \\
\end{array} ( − i − 1 ) − 4 = 2 − 2 4 ( cos ( 3 π ) + i sin ( 3 π ) ) = 4 1 ( cos ( π ) + i sin ( π ) ) = − 4 1 , ( − i − 1 ) − 3 = 2 − 2 3 ( cos ( 4 3 π ⋅ 3 ) + i sin ( 4 3 π ⋅ 3 ) ) = 2 2 1 ( cos ( 4 9 π ) + i sin ( 4 9 π ) ) = 2 2 1 ( cos ( 4 π ) + i sin ( 4 π ) ) = 2 2 1 ( 2 1 + i 2 1 ) = 4 i + 1 , ( − i − 1 ) − 2 = 2 − 2 2 ( cos ( 4 3 π ⋅ 2 ) + i sin ( 4 3 π ⋅ 2 ) ) = 2 1 ( cos ( 4 6 π ) + i sin ( 4 6 π ) ) = = 1 2 ( cos ( 3 π 2 ) + i sin ( 3 π 2 ) ) = − i 2 , = \frac {1}{2} \left(\cos \left(\frac {3 \pi}{2}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {3 \pi}{2}\right)\right) = \frac {- i}{2}, = 2 1 ( cos ( 2 3 π ) + i sin ( 2 3 π ) ) = 2 − i , ( − i − 1 ) − 1 = 2 − 1 2 ( cos ( 3 π 4 ) + i sin ( 3 π 4 ) ) = 1 2 ( − 1 2 + i 1 2 ) = i − 1 2 . (- i - 1) ^ {- 1} = 2 ^ {- \frac {1}{2}} \left(\cos \left(\frac {3 \pi}{4}\right) + i \sin \left(\frac {3 \pi}{4}\right)\right) = \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}} \left(- \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}} + i \frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}\right) = \frac {i - 1}{2}. ( − i − 1 ) − 1 = 2 − 2 1 ( cos ( 4 3 π ) + i sin ( 4 3 π ) ) = 2 1 ( − 2 1 + i 2 1 ) = 2 i − 1 .
Applying formulas ( ( a x + b ) β ) ( n ) = a n β ( β − 1 ) … ( β − n + 1 ) ( a x + b ) β − n \left((ax + b)^{\beta}\right)^{(n)} = a^{n}\beta (\beta -1)\ldots (\beta -n + 1)(ax + b)^{\beta -n} ( ( a x + b ) β ) ( n ) = a n β ( β − 1 ) … ( β − n + 1 ) ( a x + b ) β − n , obtain
( ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 2 ) = − 3 ( − 3 − 1 ) ( z − 1 ) − 3 − 2 = 12 ( z − 1 ) 5 ((z - 1) ^ {- 3}) ^ {(2)} = - 3 (- 3 - 1) (z - 1) ^ {- 3 - 2} = \frac {1 2}{(z - 1) ^ {5}} (( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 2 ) = − 3 ( − 3 − 1 ) ( z − 1 ) − 3 − 2 = ( z − 1 ) 5 12 ( ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 1 ) = − 3 ( z − 1 ) − 3 − 1 = − 3 ( z − 1 ) 4 ((z - 1) ^ {- 3}) ^ {(1)} = - 3 (z - 1) ^ {- 3 - 1} = - \frac {3}{(z - 1) ^ {4}} (( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 1 ) = − 3 ( z − 1 ) − 3 − 1 = − ( z − 1 ) 4 3 ( ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 2 ) = − 2 ( − 2 − 1 ) ( z − 1 ) − 2 − 2 = 6 ( z − 1 ) 4 ((z - 1) ^ {- 2}) ^ {(2)} = - 2 (- 2 - 1) (z - 1) ^ {- 2 - 2} = \frac {6}{(z - 1) ^ {4}} (( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 2 ) = − 2 ( − 2 − 1 ) ( z − 1 ) − 2 − 2 = ( z − 1 ) 4 6 ( ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 1 ) = − 2 ( z − 1 ) − 2 − 1 = − 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 ((z - 1) ^ {- 2}) ^ {(1)} = - 2 (z - 1) ^ {- 2 - 1} = - \frac {2}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} (( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 1 ) = − 2 ( z − 1 ) − 2 − 1 = − ( z − 1 ) 3 2 ( ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) = − 1 ( − 1 − 1 ) ( z − 1 ) − 1 − 2 = 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 ((z - 1) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(2)} = - 1 (- 1 - 1) (z - 1) ^ {- 1 - 2} = \frac {2}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} (( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) = − 1 ( − 1 − 1 ) ( z − 1 ) − 1 − 2 = ( z − 1 ) 3 2 ( ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) = − ( z − 1 ) − 1 − 1 = − 1 ( z − 1 ) 2 ((z - 1) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(1)} = - (z - 1) ^ {- 1 - 1} = - \frac {1}{(z - 1) ^ {2}} (( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) = − ( z − 1 ) − 1 − 1 = − ( z − 1 ) 2 1 ( ( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) = − 1 ( − 1 − 1 ) ( z − i ) − 1 − 2 = 2 ( z − i ) 3 ((z - i) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(2)} = - 1 (- 1 - 1) (z - i) ^ {- 1 - 2} = \frac {2}{(z - i) ^ {3}} (( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) = − 1 ( − 1 − 1 ) ( z − i ) − 1 − 2 = ( z − i ) 3 2 ( ( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) = − ( z − i ) − 1 − 1 = − 1 ( z − i ) 2 ((z - i) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(1)} = - (z - i) ^ {- 1 - 1} = - \frac {1}{(z - i) ^ {2}} (( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) = − ( z − i ) − 1 − 1 = − ( z − i ) 2 1
Besides, ( e z + 1 ) ⋅ = ( e z + 1 ) ⋅ ⋅ = e z + 1 (e^{z + 1})^{\cdot} = (e^{z + 1})^{\cdot \cdot} = e^{z + 1} ( e z + 1 ) ⋅ = ( e z + 1 ) ⋅⋅ = e z + 1
Using Leibnitz formula, rewrite
( e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ) ⋅ = 1 + i 2 ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) 3 ) ⋅ − i 2 ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) 2 ) ⋅ + i − 1 4 ( e z + 1 z − 1 ) ⋅ + 1 − i 4 ( e z + 1 z − i ) ⋅ = = 1 + i 2 ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ⋅ − i 2 ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ⋅ + i − 1 4 ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ⋅ + 1 − i 4 ( e z + 1 ( z − i ) − 1 ) ⋅ = = 1 + i 2 [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − 1 ) − 3 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) ( ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 ( ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 2 ) ] − i 2 [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − 1 ) − 2 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) ( ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 ( ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 2 ) ] + i − 1 4 [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − 1 ) − 1 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) ( ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 ( ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] + 1 − i 4 [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − i ) − 1 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) ( ( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 ( ( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] = \begin{array}{l}
\left(\frac {e ^ {z + 1}}{(z - i) (z - 1) ^ {3}}\right) ^ {\cdot} = \frac {1 + i}{2} \left(\frac {e ^ {z + 1}}{(z - 1) ^ {3}}\right) ^ {\cdot} - \frac {i}{2} \left(\frac {e ^ {z + 1}}{(z - 1) ^ {2}}\right) ^ {\cdot} + \frac {i - 1}{4} \left(\frac {e ^ {z + 1}}{z - 1}\right) ^ {\cdot} + \frac {1 - i}{4} \left(\frac {e ^ {z + 1}}{z - i}\right) ^ {\cdot} = \\
= \frac {1 + i}{2} (e ^ {z + 1} (z - 1) ^ {- 3}) ^ {\cdot} - \frac {i}{2} (e ^ {z + 1} (z - 1) ^ {- 2}) ^ {\cdot} + \frac {i - 1}{4} (e ^ {z + 1} (z - 1) ^ {- 1}) ^ {\cdot} \\
+ \frac {1 - i}{4} (e ^ {z + 1} (z - i) ^ {- 1}) ^ {\cdot} = \\
= \frac {1 + i}{2} \left[ (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(2)} (z - 1) ^ {- 3} + 2 (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(1)} ((z - 1) ^ {- 3}) ^ {(1)} + e ^ {z + 1} ((z - 1) ^ {- 3}) ^ {(2)} \right] \\
- \frac {i}{2} \left[ (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(2)} (z - 1) ^ {- 2} + 2 (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(1)} ((z - 1) ^ {- 2}) ^ {(1)} + e ^ {z + 1} ((z - 1) ^ {- 2}) ^ {(2)} \right] \\
+ \frac {i - 1}{4} \left[ (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(2)} (z - 1) ^ {- 1} + 2 (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(1)} ((z - 1) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(1)} + e ^ {z + 1} ((z - 1) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(2)} \right] + \\
\frac {1 - i}{4} \left[ (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(2)} (z - i) ^ {- 1} + 2 (e ^ {z + 1}) ^ {(1)} ((z - i) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(1)} + e ^ {z + 1} ((z - i) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(2)} \right] = \\
\end{array} ( ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 ) ⋅ = 2 1 + i ( ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 ) ⋅ − 2 i ( ( z − 1 ) 2 e z + 1 ) ⋅ + 4 i − 1 ( z − 1 e z + 1 ) ⋅ + 4 1 − i ( z − i e z + 1 ) ⋅ = = 2 1 + i ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ⋅ − 2 i ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ⋅ + 4 i − 1 ( e z + 1 ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ⋅ + 4 1 − i ( e z + 1 ( z − i ) − 1 ) ⋅ = = 2 1 + i [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − 1 ) − 3 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) (( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 (( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 2 ) ] − 2 i [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − 1 ) − 2 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) (( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 (( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 2 ) ] + 4 i − 1 [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − 1 ) − 1 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) (( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 (( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] + 4 1 − i [ ( e z + 1 ) ( 2 ) ( z − i ) − 1 + 2 ( e z + 1 ) ( 1 ) (( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + e z + 1 (( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] = = 1 + i 2 e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) − 3 + 2 ( ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 1 ) + ( ( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 2 ) ] = \frac {1 + i}{2} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ (z - 1) ^ {- 3} + 2 ((z - 1) ^ {- 3}) ^ {(1)} + ((z - 1) ^ {- 3}) ^ {(2)} \right] = 2 1 + i e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) − 3 + 2 (( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 1 ) + (( z − 1 ) − 3 ) ( 2 ) ] − i 2 e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) − 2 + 2 ( ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 1 ) + ( ( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 2 ) ] + i − 1 4 e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) − 1 + 2 ( ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + ( ( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] + + 1 − i 4 e z + 1 [ ( z − i ) − 1 + 2 ( ( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + ( ( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] = = 1 + i 2 e z + 1 [ 1 ( z − 1 ) 3 − 6 ( z − 1 ) 4 + 12 ( z − 1 ) 5 ] − i 2 e z + 1 [ 1 ( z − 1 ) 2 − 4 ( z − 1 ) 3 + 6 ( z − 1 ) 4 ] + i − 1 4 e z + 1 [ 1 z − 1 − 2 ( z − 1 ) 2 + 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 ] + + 1 − i 4 e z + 1 [ 1 z − i − 2 ( z − i ) 2 + 2 ( z − i ) 3 ] = = 1 + i 2 e z + 1 [ z 2 − 2 z + 1 − 6 z + 6 + 12 ( z − 1 ) 5 ] − i 2 e z + 1 [ z 2 − 2 z + 1 − 4 z + 4 + 6 ( z − 1 ) 4 ] + i − 1 4 e z + 1 [ z 2 − 2 z + 1 − 2 z + 2 + 2 ( z − 1 ) 3 ] + + 1 − i 4 e z + 1 [ z 2 − 2 i z − 1 − 2 z + 2 i + 2 z − i ] = = e z + 1 ( 1 + i 2 [ z 2 − 8 z + 19 ( z − 1 ) 5 ] − i 2 [ z 2 − 6 z + 11 ( z − 1 ) 4 ] + i − 1 4 [ z 2 − 4 z + 5 ( z − 1 ) 3 ] + 1 − i 4 [ z 2 − ( 2 i + 2 ) z + 2 i + 1 ( z − i ) 3 ] ) , \begin{array}{l}
- \frac {i}{2} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ (z - 1) ^ {- 2} + 2 ((z - 1) ^ {- 2}) ^ {(1)} + ((z - 1) ^ {- 2}) ^ {(2)} \right] \\
+ \frac {i - 1}{4} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ (z - 1) ^ {- 1} + 2 ((z - 1) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(1)} + ((z - 1) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(2)} \right] + \\
+ \frac {1 - i}{4} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ (z - i) ^ {- 1} + 2 ((z - i) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(1)} + ((z - i) ^ {- 1}) ^ {(2)} \right] = \\
= \frac {1 + i}{2} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {1}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} - \frac {6}{(z - 1) ^ {4}} + \frac {12}{(z - 1) ^ {5}} \right] \\
- \frac {i}{2} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {1}{(z - 1) ^ {2}} - \frac {4}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} + \frac {6}{(z - 1) ^ {4}} \right] \\
+ \frac {i - 1}{4} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {1}{z - 1} - \frac {2}{(z - 1) ^ {2}} + \frac {2}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} \right] + \\
+ \frac {1 - i}{4} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {1}{z - i} - \frac {2}{(z - i) ^ {2}} + \frac {2}{(z - i) ^ {3}} \right] = \\
= \frac {1 + i}{2} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - 2 z + 1 - 6 z + 6 + 12}{(z - 1) ^ {5}} \right] \\
- \frac {i}{2} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - 2 z + 1 - 4 z + 4 + 6}{(z - 1) ^ {4}} \right] \\
+ \frac {i - 1}{4} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - 2 z + 1 - 2 z + 2 + 2}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} \right] + \\
+ \frac {1 - i}{4} e ^ {z + 1} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - 2 i z - 1 - 2 z + 2 i + 2}{z - i} \right] = \\
= e ^ {z + 1} \left(\frac {1 + i}{2} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - 8 z + 19}{(z - 1) ^ {5}} \right] - \frac {i}{2} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - 6 z + 11}{(z - 1) ^ {4}} \right] + \frac {i - 1}{4} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - 4 z + 5}{(z - 1) ^ {3}} \right] + \frac {1 - i}{4} \left[ \frac {z ^ {2} - (2 i + 2) z + 2 i + 1}{(z - i) ^ {3}} \right]\right),
\end{array} − 2 i e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) − 2 + 2 (( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 1 ) + (( z − 1 ) − 2 ) ( 2 ) ] + 4 i − 1 e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) − 1 + 2 (( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + (( z − 1 ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] + + 4 1 − i e z + 1 [ ( z − i ) − 1 + 2 (( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 1 ) + (( z − i ) − 1 ) ( 2 ) ] = = 2 1 + i e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) 3 1 − ( z − 1 ) 4 6 + ( z − 1 ) 5 12 ] − 2 i e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) 2 1 − ( z − 1 ) 3 4 + ( z − 1 ) 4 6 ] + 4 i − 1 e z + 1 [ z − 1 1 − ( z − 1 ) 2 2 + ( z − 1 ) 3 2 ] + + 4 1 − i e z + 1 [ z − i 1 − ( z − i ) 2 2 + ( z − i ) 3 2 ] = = 2 1 + i e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) 5 z 2 − 2 z + 1 − 6 z + 6 + 12 ] − 2 i e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − 2 z + 1 − 4 z + 4 + 6 ] + 4 i − 1 e z + 1 [ ( z − 1 ) 3 z 2 − 2 z + 1 − 2 z + 2 + 2 ] + + 4 1 − i e z + 1 [ z − i z 2 − 2 i z − 1 − 2 z + 2 i + 2 ] = = e z + 1 ( 2 1 + i [ ( z − 1 ) 5 z 2 − 8 z + 19 ] − 2 i [ ( z − 1 ) 4 z 2 − 6 z + 11 ] + 4 i − 1 [ ( z − 1 ) 3 z 2 − 4 z + 5 ] + 4 1 − i [ ( z − i ) 3 z 2 − ( 2 i + 2 ) z + 2 i + 1 ] ) , ( e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ) ′ ′ ∣ z = − i = e i + 1 ( 1 + i 2 [ i 2 − 8 i + 19 ( i − 1 ) 5 ] − i 2 [ i 2 − 6 i + 11 ( i − 1 ) 4 ] + i − 1 4 [ i 2 − 4 i + 5 ( i − 1 ) 3 ] ) + 1 − i 4 [ i 2 − ( 2 i + 2 ) i + 2 i + 1 ( z − i ) 3 ] ) \begin{array}{l}
\left(\frac {e ^ {z + 1}}{(z - i) (z - 1) ^ {3}}\right) ^ {\prime \prime} \bigg | _ {z = - i} \\
= e ^ {i + 1} \left(\frac {1 + i}{2} \left[ \frac {i ^ {2} - 8 i + 1 9}{(i - 1) ^ {5}} \right] - \frac {i}{2} \left[ \frac {i ^ {2} - 6 i + 1 1}{(i - 1) ^ {4}} \right] + \frac {i - 1}{4} \left[ \frac {i ^ {2} - 4 i + 5}{(i - 1) ^ {3}} \right]\right) \\
\left. + \frac {1 - i}{4} \left[ \frac {i ^ {2} - (2 i + 2) i + 2 i + 1}{(z - i) ^ {3}} \right]\right) \\
\end{array} ( ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 ) ′′ ∣ ∣ z = − i = e i + 1 ( 2 1 + i [ ( i − 1 ) 5 i 2 − 8 i + 19 ] − 2 i [ ( i − 1 ) 4 i 2 − 6 i + 11 ] + 4 i − 1 [ ( i − 1 ) 3 i 2 − 4 i + 5 ] ) + 4 1 − i [ ( z − i ) 3 i 2 − ( 2 i + 2 ) i + 2 i + 1 ] )
If region enclosed with a curve contains more than one singularity, we split up area/curve into parts, which contain each only one singularity. Let the singularity 1 is not included in the region.
Thus,
∮ C e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i ) 3 d z = \oint_ {C} \frac {e ^ {z + 1}}{(z - i) (z ^ {2} + (i - 1) z - i) ^ {3}} d z = ∮ C ( z − i ) ( z 2 + ( i − 1 ) z − i ) 3 e z + 1 d z = ∮ C e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 d z = ∮ C 1 e z + 1 ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 z − i d z + ∮ C 2 e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ( z + i ) 3 d z = = 2 π i e z + 1 ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 ∣ z = i + π i ( e z + 1 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 ) ′ ′ ∣ z = − i = = π e 1 + i 1 + i 16 + π e 1 − i 19 i − 27 16 \begin{array}{l}
\oint_{C} \frac{e^{z+1}}{(z-i)(z+i)^3(z-1)^3} dz = \\
\oint_{C_1} \frac{\frac{e^{z+1}}{(z+i)^3(z-1)^3}}{z-i} dz + \oint_{C_2} \frac{\frac{e^{z+1}}{(z-i)(z-1)^3}}{(z+i)^3} dz = \\
= 2\pi i \left. \frac{e^{z+1}}{(z+i)^3(z-1)^3} \right|_{z=i} + \pi i \left( \frac{e^{z+1}}{(z-i)(z-1)^3} \right)'' \Big|_{z=-i} = \\
= \pi e^{1+i} \frac{1+i}{16} + \pi e^{1-i} \frac{19i - 27}{16}
\end{array} ∮ C ( z − i ) ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 d z = ∮ C 1 z − i ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 d z + ∮ C 2 ( z + i ) 3 ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 d z = = 2 πi ( z + i ) 3 ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 ∣ ∣ z = i + πi ( ( z − i ) ( z − 1 ) 3 e z + 1 ) ′′ ∣ ∣ z = − i = = π e 1 + i 16 1 + i + π e 1 − i 16 19 i − 27
The region does not contain z = 1 z = 1 z = 1 .
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Dear Alyaa. You initially posted the problem different from the one proposed in this comment. Though we made changes to the solution.
Dears Thanks for answered but i have comment on my paid question I appreciate your reply ASAP A- Use cauchy integral formula to evaluate [e^{z+1} ] right but divide by / [(z-i). {(z^2 + (i-1)z-i)}^3; (z-i) it the different not ^ 3 (not power three).So should [e^{z+1} ] / [ (z-i). {(z^2 + (i-1)z-i)}^3] B- the singularity 1 not include the curve ,so only i and -i C- the cuachy formula per each singality = { [2.pi.i] / [n!] } .{f^n} (at singularity ) , not [n!] / [2.pi.i] . f^n (at singularit