1. Risk factors such as interpersonal conflict, material conflict, parental neglect and prenatal deviance are associated with family functioning as a risk indicator for criminal involvement.
So, the correct answer is a.
2. Process refers to notion that interpersonal conflict shapes human behavior and those who maintain social power will use it to further their own needs.
So, the correct answer is b.
3. Before an act can be defined as a crime customary law must regard it as such and an effective criminal justice system must be in place.
So, the correct answer is a.
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