1. The term "criminology' means the study of crime and was first used by:(a) Durkheim (b) Toppinard (c) Bentham (d) Lombrosso
2. When referring to a "good theory", evidence of validity refers to: (a) Contradiction of ideas (b) Predictions made from research findings (c) Facts fitting together harmoniously to guide policy implications (d) Generalisation of ideas
3. A paramilitary group that metes out justice because of the absence of effective victim assistance services,resides under . . . Justice. (a) Informal (b) Formal (c) Organised (d) Unorganised
4. Which one of the options below measures the association between crime and education, income and attitudes towards crime? (a) Crime mapping (b) Victimisation surveys (c) Systematic observation (d) Self-report surveys
5. Parental socialisation, deviancy, neglect and insensitivity refer to . . . as a risk factor for criminal causation (a) intelligence (b) personality (c) family structure (d) family functioning