Corruption raises the cost of conducting business, deters foreign and domestic investment, distorts government spending, diminishes economic efficiency, and slows down the economy. Poor pay and benefits, inadequate incentives and motivation, and poor governance all have a negative influence on health outcomes and service quality. As a result, out-of-pocket expenses are high, faith in the system is eroded, and service usage is diminished. Implementing regulations are hampered not only by a lack of institutional capability, but also by a lack of political will.
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