Answer to Question #227174 in English for cosmos

Question

GROUP DYNAMICS AND COMMUNICATION

Question 5 a)“Every person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy toward a level of self-actualization. Argue for or against this statement. Your answer should reflect tangible examples.     (EV8 marks)  

b) Using concrete examples from various experiences, explain three major criticisms that have been raised against Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.           (CR 6 marks)  

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c) Examine with the help of examples the two kinds of roles that are naturally present in groups.   

Answer 1

During the 1960s, there was a strong moment in psychology called the third wave psychology. It included the principles of Humanism and the works of theorists such as Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Maslow came up with five categories of human needs which he arranged them from the most basic ones. These needs include;

1. Physiological needs: The first of the id-driven lower needs on Maslow's hierarchy are physiological needs. These are most basic human survival needs include food and water, sufficient rest, clothing and shelter, overall health, and reproduction. Maslow states that these basic physiological needs must be addressed before humans move on to the next level of fulfillment.

2. Safety needs: Next among the lower-level needs is safety. Safety needs include protection from violence and theft, emotional stability and well-being, health security, and financial security.

3. Love and belonging needs: The social needs on the third level of Maslow’s hierarchy relate to human interaction and are the last of the so-called lower needs.

4. Esteem needs: The higher needs, beginning with esteem, are ego-driven needs. The primary elements of esteem are self-respect that is the belief that you are valuable and deserving of dignity and self-esteem which is all about confidence in your potential for personal growth and accomplishments.

5. Self-actualization needs: Self-actualization describes the fulfillment of your full potential as a person. Self-actualization needs include education and skill development. In most cases you cannot fulfill these needs before accomplishing the previous needs.

(b) The needs may not follow a definite hierarchical order. For example, even if safety need is not satisfied, the social need may emerge.

The need priority model may not apply at all times in all places.

The level of motivation may be permanently lower for some people.

(c) Task roles are those that help or hinder a group’s ability to accomplish its goals. Example is information provider and gatekeeper.

Social-Emotional Roles. Group members play a variety of roles in order to build and maintain relationships in groups. Example of such roles is recognizing if someone is sad or they are okay.