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Consider the following register transfer statements for two 4-bit registers R1 and R2.
xT: R1← R1+ R2
x' T: R1 ← R2
Every time that variable T = 1, either the content of R2 is added to the content of Rl if
x = 1, or the content of R2 is transferred to R1 if x = 0. Draw a diagram showing the
hardware implementation of the two statements. Use block diagrams for the two 4-bit
registers, a 4-bit adder, and a quadruple 2-to-1-llne multiplexer that selects the inputs
to R l . In the diagram, show how the control variables x and T select the inputs of the
multiplexer and the load input of register R1.
The 8 bit registers initially have values
A=11110010
B=11111111
C= 10111001
D=11101010
Determine 8 bit values of each register after execution of following sequences of
microoperations
A ←
The outputs of four registers, A, B, C, D, H, L are connected through 8:1 line
multiplexer to the input of a fifth register, X. Each register is 16 bits long. The
required transfers are dictated by four timing variables, T0 through T3 as follows:
T0 : X←A
T1 : X←B
T2 : X←C
T3 : X←D
The timing variables are mutually exclusive, which means that only one variable is
equal to 1 at any given time, while the others are equal to 0. Draw a block diagram
showing the hardware implementation of the register transfers. Include the
connections necessary from the four timing variables to the selection inputs of the
multiplexers and to the load input of register X
1. Design a piezoelectric stage capable of positioning with a 0.1nm resolution over a lum range. Assume that you have a power supply that can generate -10V to +100V and a 16 bit DAC board to control the power supply. You can choose any piezo material and geometry; however, you have to provide a reference (web-page, copy of the spec sheet) for the material of your choice. 16-bit board means that the control voltage minimum step is equal to the total range (110V in this case) divided by 216.
Write an AVR assembly program for the ATmega328PB that uses a loop to sum the decimal numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 19, 20, noting where the result is stored as well as its value in hexadecimal and decimal.
Write an AVR assembly program for the ATmega328PB that uses a loop to sum the decimal numbers 1, 2, 3, ..., 19, 20, noting where the result is stored as well as its value in hexadecimal and decimal.
  • Consider a pn junction in equilibrium at room temperature (T = 300 K) for which the doping concentrations are NA = 1018/cm3 and ND = 1016/cm3 and the cross-sectional area A = 10-4 cm2. Calculate pp, np, nn, pn, V0, W, xn, xp and QJ.​

What are Register reference instruction format? How it will be derived? Explain with neat sketch. 


Explain the operation of a JK flipflop with a neat diagram. State how it can be converted into a T (toggle) Flipflop. 


Explain the operation of a full subtractor with necessary diagrams. What is the difference between half and full subtractor?


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