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Classical economists assumed that velocity was stable in the short run. But


suppose that, because of a change in the payments mechanism—for example,


greater use of credit cards—there was an exogenous rise in the velocity of money.


What effect would such a change have on output, employment, and the price level


within the classical model?

Explain how aggregate demand is determined within the classical model. What


would be the effects on output and the price level of a drop in money supply?

What are the differences between the Fisherian and Cambridge versions of the


quantity theory of money?

Consider the effects of a government employment subsidy whereby the


government paid 10 percent of the wages of newly hired workers. How would


employment and output be affected by the program in the classical model? What


would be the effect on the position of the aggregate supply schedule.

Suppose that due for example to reconstruction after a war, the capital stock of a




nation increases. Use the graphical framework to illustrate the effect that the




increase in the capital stock would have on output, employment, and the real wage




in the classical model.

Provide examples of demand-side factors that would not affect the level of output


and employment.

In microeconomics, we expect the supply curve for the firm to slope upward to the


right when drawn against price. The classical aggregate supply curve is based on


this microeconomic theory of the firm but is vertical. Why?


The purpose of a study by Nozawa et al. (A-11) was to determine the



effectiveness of segmental wire fixation in athletes with spondylolysis.



Between 1993 and 2000, 20 athletes (6 women and 14 men) with lumbar



spondylolysis were treated surgically with the technique. The following



table gives the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) evaluation score



for lower back pain syndrome for men and women prior to the surgery.



The lower score indicates less pain.



Gender JOA Scores



Female 14,13,24,21,20,21



Male 21, 26, 24, 24, 22, 23, 18, 24, 13, 22, 25, 23, 21, 25

a) A researcher estimated the following regression equation for sorghum production, 

Yt from the use of various amounts of fertilizer, X1 and insecticides X2 on a hectare 

basis using time series data from 2001 to 2010.

The operation model is:

Yt = B0 + B1X1 + B2X2 + ei

The estimated regression equation is:

Yt = 31.98 + 0.65X1 + 1.10X2

(0.24) (0.27) (0.25)

Adjusted R2 = 0.989

Figures in parenthesis are standard error of estimates.

i) Estimate the t-values for each of the coefficients


ii) Interpret the results 


In the organization, it is important that we update our people


to the current state of the business. SWOT is one of the


framework that clearly show where we are and the chances of


where we are going. So it is very essential that our people


know what it means.


To give the presentation clarity, design your own visual


representation of SWOT Analysis and PORTER’s Five forces.



Note: Design your own icon that may represent the factors.


Note: Do this in a short bond paper. The icon should cover half of the bond paper. Make it presentable. Afterwards, write a short explanation about the icon in 5-7 sentences only.

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