A problem with direct government support of research and development is:
- That the U.S. Constitution strictly prohibits it.
- That the U.S. Constitution requires it in all cases.
- That it is unconstitutional.
- That it involves only private decision-making.
- That it involves political decisions about which projects are worthy.
Government policies can increase the incentives to innovate, such as:
- Government assistance with the costs of R&D.
- Guaranteeing intellectual property rights.
- Cooperative research ventures between universities and companies.
- All of the above.
- None of the above.
The appropriate public policy response to a positive externality is to:
- Punish those creating externalities.
- Educate those creating externalities.
- Help the party creating positive externalities receive a greater share of the social benefits.
- Force the party creating positive externalities to pay a greater share of the social costs.
- Alfalfa grows in the field.
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